Table 1 Frequency of recombination events detected in 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV1 and SARS-CoV-2, stratified by level of evidence.

From: A comparative recombination analysis of human coronaviruses and implications for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Coronavirus species

n genome sequences

Recombination events detected by any method

Recombination events detected by ≥ 3 methods

Recombination events detected by ≥ 3 methods and without another evolutionary process possibly explaining the recombination signal (high evidence)

Recombination events with high level evidence seen in multiple genomes

hCoV-229E

22

4

3

1

1

hCoV-NL63

65

31

24

14

7

hCoV-OC43

138

23

16

9

6

hCoV-HKU1

37

14

9

1

1

MERS-CoV

365

12

10

7

6

SARS-CoV-1

49

1

0

0

0

SARS-CoV-2

100296a

33

8

0

0

  1. aRandomly subsampled into 100 × n = 300 independent datasets.