Figure 2

(a) The spatio-temporal profile of the light emission from the plasma–liquid interaction when the liquid was electrically grounded through a \(1 \; \text {k}\Omega \) resistor. Obtained using fast 10 ns imaging with 480 accumulations each time delay. The end of the capillary was at 0 mm while the liquid was at 10 mm distance. (b) The spatio-temporal graph when the resistor was \(680 \; \text {k}\Omega \), with the same acquisition settings as (a).