Figure 4
24-h energy metabolism in men and women. (a–d) Mean ± SE of RQ (a), energy expenditure (b), carbohydrate oxidation (c) and fat oxidation (d) in 10 men (blue lines)19 and 9 women (red lines)18 were calculated from a sedentary trial in previous experiments focused on the effect of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation. Prescribed diet was provided as breakfast (8:00), lunch (12:00), and dinner (18:00). Subjects slept for 7 h from 23:00 to 6:00 (grey bars). A linear mixed-models ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.01), and a group × time interaction (P < 0.01) for RQ, energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation and fat oxidation. Main effect of group was significant for energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation (P < 0.01), but that for RQ (P = 0.924) and fat oxidation (P = 0.461) was not significant. *Represents significant difference between the 2 subgroups by post hoc pair-wise comparisons (P < 0.05). (e–h) Relation between the mean and SE of RQ (e), energy expenditure (f), carbohydrate oxidation (g) and fat oxidation (h) of men (blue filled circles) and women (red open circles). Negative correlation in RQ and positive correlation in energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation and fat oxidation were observed between the mean and SE.
