Figure 3
Expression analysis of the fibrosis-related genes in the knee joint capsule for the effect of metformin on joint capsular fibrosis. The mRNA expression of Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Tgf-β1, Acta2, and Ccn2 was normalized to that of Gapdh. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard errors. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; n = 8. Col1a1, collagen type IA1; Col1a2, collagen type IA2; Col3a1, collagen type IIIA1; Tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1; Acta2, actin alpha 2; Ccn2, cellular communication network factor 2; Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Non-Im, mice with non-immobilized knees; Im+/Met−, mice with immobilized knees but no metformin; Im+/Met+, mice with immobilized knees who were administered metformin.
