Table 3 Results of saturated GEE model to assess the longitudinal association between composite CVD risk index and lifestyle-related risk factors among adolescents.

Intercept

−0.858

0.1718

−1.196

−0.521

 < 0.001

Time

T3

−0.095

0.0304

−0.154

−0.035

0.002

T2

−.043

0.0264

−0.094

0.009

0.106

T1

0^a

Gender

Female

0.118

0.0401

0.040

0.197

0.003

Male

0^a

Ethnicity

Others

0.094

0.0833

−0.069

0.258

0.258

Indian

−0.114

0.0521

−0.216

−0.012

0.029

Chinese

0.122

0.0596

0.006

0.239

0.040

Malay

0^a

Locality

Rural

0.066

0.0360

−0.005

0.136

0.068

Urban

0^a

Family income

More than RM 5001

0.071

0.0725

−0.071

0.213

0.330

RM 3001–RM 5000

0.061

0.0563

−0.049

0.172

0.276

RM 1501–RM 3000

0.0005

0.0444

−0.087

0.087

0.991

Less than RM 1500

0^a

Parental highest education

High

−0.097

0.0619

−0.219

0.024

0.116

Medium

−0.022

0.0434

−0.107

0.063

0.618

Low

0^a

Father employment

Employed

−0.086

0.0719

−0.227

0.055

0.230

Unemployed

0^a

Dietary

Energy

−0.00006

0.00004

−0.0001

0.00002

0.168

Protein (as a percentage of energy)

−0.001

0.0055

−0.011

0.010

0.916

Fat (as a percentage of energy)

−0.0005

0.0026

−0.006

0.005

0.863

Physical fitness score

−0.001

0.0008

−0.003

0.0002

0.087

Body mass index

0.051

0.005

0.042

0.060

 < 0.001