Table 3 Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses of overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma.

From: FDG PET biomarkers for prediction of survival in metastatic melanoma prior to anti-PD1 immunotherapy

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

p-Value

HR

95% CI

P-value

Age

1

1–1

0.96

–

–

–

Sex

0.65

0.3–1.6

0.33

–

–

–

M status

   

–

–

–

 M1a vs. M1b

0.4

0.05–3.4

0.8

   

 M1a vs. M1c

0.85

0.3–2.4

0.9

   

 M1a vs. M1d

0.97

0.2–4

0.9

   

LZE (GLZLM)

6.4

2.6–16

< 0.001

3.7

1.5–9.5

0.006

Total MTV

6.3

1,9–21

0.003

4.1

1.1–15.3

0.034

  1. The distribution of each 18F-FDG PET biomarker is a continuous variable that is transformed into a discrete categorization of 2 categories (high vs. low) using the values derived from the Youden’s index: LZE (≥ − 437 vs < − 437), total MTV (≥ 5.6 vs < 5.6 cm3).
  2. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, LZE (GLZLM) Long zone emphasis from the grey-level zone length matrix long-zone, MTV metabolic tumoral volume, NGLDM Neighbourhood grey-level different matrix, TLG total lesion glycolysis, M Metastatic status (8th American Joint Committee on Cancer classification):
  3. M1a: distant metastasis to skin, soft tissue including muscles, and/or nonregional lymph.
  4. M1b: distant metastasis to lung with or without M1a sites of disease.
  5. M1c: distant metastasis to non-central nervous system (CNS) visceral sites with or without M1a or M1b sites of disease.
  6. M1d: distant metastasis to CNS with or without M1a, M1b, or M1c sites of disease.
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