Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with decline in renal function.

From: Sleep quality, autonomic dysfunction and renal function in diabetic patients with pre-CKD phase

Variables

Diabetes

Non-diabetes

HR (95% CI)

p

HR (95% CI)

p

Model 1

PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.15 (0.88–5.23)

0.091

2.20 (1.09–4.40)

0.025

Model 2

Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1)

1.58 (0.51–4.92)

0.422

1.36 (0.70–2.63)

0.358

Model 3

Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.40 (1.02–5.60)

0.043

0.81 (0.44–1.51)

0.525

Model 4

PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.10 (0.84–5.23)

0.110

2.38 (1.17–4.82)

0.015

Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1)

1.54 (0.49–4.81)

0.457

1.24 (0.63–2.43)

0.527

Model 5

PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.60 (1.05–6.43)

0.038

2.37 (1.15–4.86)

0.018

Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.60 (1.09–6.16)

0.029

0.79 (0.42–1.48)

0.470

Model 6

Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1)

1.54 (0.49–4.79)

0.453

1.56 (0.77–3.16)

0.216

Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.09 (0.87–4.97)

0.095

0.76 (0.41–1.43)

0.411

Model 7

PSQ (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.57 (1.01–6.53)

0.045

2.33 (1.12–4.84)

0.022

Sleep apnea (no = 0, yes = 1)

1.57 (0.49–5.03)

0.442

1.43 (0.69–2.94)

0.329

Low HRV (no = 0, yes = 1)

2.27 (0.94–5.47)

0.068

0.75 (0.39–1.42)

0.380

  1. In all models used for multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, covariates included age, male gender, body mass index, current smoking, history of CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, baseline eGFR, and albuminuria. Model 1 included the presence of PSQ, Model 2 sleep apnea, Model 3 low HRV, Model 4 PSQ and sleep apnea, Model 5 PSQ and low HRV, Model 6 sleep apnea and low HRV, Model 7 PSQ, sleep apnea, and low HRV, in addition to the other covariates mentioned.
  2. CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PSQ poor sleep quality, HRV heart rate variability, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
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