Table 2 Summary of the observations on the possible preferential absorption route, eventual internalization, and potential use of external matrices as marker of the metal past-exposure/presence in the organism.

From: A non-lethal method to assess element content in the endangered Pinna nobilis

 

Environment

Preferentially absorbed by

Internalized

Potential marker

Pollution

Seawater

Sediment

Diffusion

Respiration

Digestion

Shell

Byssus

Ag

  

x

    

x

 

Al

 

x

x

x

 

x

 

x

 

As

 

x

  

x

x

   

B

x

x

  

x

x

x

x

 

Ba

x

x

   

x

x

x

 

Be

    

x

x

   

Cd

  

x

  

x

  

Yes15,22,23,24

Co

    

x

    

Cr

 

x

x

    

x

No21,22

Cu

 

x

–

–

–

–

 

x

No15,23

Fe

 

x

–

–

–

–

x

x

No24

Li

x

   

x

x

x

  

Mn

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

Yes24

Mo

 

x

x

    

x

 

Ni

 

x

–

–

–

–

–

–

 

Pb

 

x

x

  

x

x

x

Yes15,22,23,24

S

x

x

–

–

–

–

–

–

 

Sb

       

x

 

Se

 

x

   

x

x

x

 

Si

 

x

–

–

–

–

–

–

 

Sn

x

x

     

x

 

Sr

 

x

   

x

 

x

 

Ti

 

x

   

x

 

x

 

V

 

x

x

    

x

 

Zn

 

x

   

x

 

x

Yes24

  1. When (–) was used the physiological role, or the highly presence in the environment of the element, did not allow an interpretation of the results. Pollution status was defined based on previous data in literature, when possible.
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