Figure 5

Molecular pathways differentially expressed in 'late post-recovery stage' bright yellow islands (BYIs) compared to the corresponding dark green surrounding tissues. (I) Molecular pathways associated with photosynthesis and vegetative leaf shape regulation are engaged in negative regulatory loops with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, which could instigate RNA silencing and phenylpropanoid pathway activity. (II) Oxidative stress regulation by cellular antioxidant molecules: SOD, GR and GST, is reinforced by the phenolic coumarin products of the phenylpropanoid pathway. (III) JA signaling could upregulate the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is important for oxidative stress alleviation and induction of systemic acquired resistance response to tobamovirus infections. Molecular pathways and effectors differentially modified in 'late post-recovery stage' BYIs were circled. Molecular pathways presumed to be affected according to literature data were squared. Dotted purple colors mark downregulation effects; blue colors (small dots) mark upregulation effects. SPL 9 SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like protein 9, JA jasmonic acid, PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase, ROI reactive oxygen intermediates, SOD superoxide dismutase, GR glutathione reductase, GST glutathione S-transferase. A⁴⁰; B¹⁴; C³⁷; D³⁸; E⁴¹; F²¹; G⁴²; H³⁶; I¹⁶; J³⁹; K¹⁵; L²⁵; M⁴³; N⁴⁴; O²².