Table 3 Retinal findings in subjects included in the study at baseline and follow-up.

From: Retinal vessels modifications in acute and post-COVID-19

Eyes N = 59

Patients N = 32

Baseline (acute COVID-19)

6 months F-UP (post COVID-19)

p***

Retinal hemorrhages

Eyes (percentage)

12 (20.3)

1 (1.7)

0.0009

Cotton wool spots

Eyes (percentage)

2 (3.4)

0 (0)

0.5

Drusen

Eyes (percentage)

8 (13.6)

8 (13.6)

1

Dilated veins*

Eyes (percentage)

12 (20.3)

4 (6.8)

0.007

Tortuous vessels*

Eyes (percentage)

10 (16.9)

4 (6.8)

0.03

Mean artery diameter** µm (SD, range)

97.5 (10.9, 59.3–120.9)

92.2 (11.4, 55.4–114.7)

 < 0.0001

Mean vein diameter** µm (SD, range)

133.1 (19.3, 98.9–201.34)

124.6 (16.1, 89.7–162.5)

 < 0.0001

  1. COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019, SD standard deviation.
  2. *According to qualitative evaluation performed by the ophthalmologists.
  3. **Measured using the semi-automatic computer assisted method.
  4. ***McNemar Test for qualitative variables, linear mixed model for repeated measurements accounting for nesting of eyes within subjects for continuous variables.
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