Table 1 Larval and pupal toxicity of sardine fish scales extract against Anopheles stephensi.

From: Efficacy and side effects of bio-fabricated sardine fish scale silver nanoparticles against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi

Larval instars

LC50 (LC90)

95% confidence limit LC50 (LC90)

Regression equation

χ2 (d.f. = 4)

Lower

Upper

1st instar

80.923 (173.939)

71.804 (157.103)

89.418 (198.695)

y = 1.115 + 0.014x

0.819 n.s.

2nd instar

102.623 (224.472)

91.768 (195.184)

115.116 (273.433)

y = 1.079 + 0.011x

0.818 n.s.

3rd instar

151.609 (344.288)

129.004 (269.691)

197.958 (521.433)

y = 1.008 + 0.007x

0.016 n.s.

4th instar

170.382 (336.187

146.134 (269.395)

218.930 (481.779)

y = 1.317 + 0.008x

2.902 n.s.

Pupa

215.561 (411.677)

174.790 (310.807)

321.136 (684.715)

y = 1.409 + 0.007x

0.741 n.s.

  1. No mortality was observed in the control.
  2. LC50: lethal concentration was killing half of the treated organisms, LC90: lethal concentration was killing  90% of the treated organisms, χ2: Value of the chi-square, d.f.: degree of freedom, n.s.: non-significant (α = 0.05).
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