Table 4 Multivariate analyses of independent predictors of primary OSCC for LN+, DM and DSS (PNI and LVI combined).

From: Perineural invasion/lymphovascular invasion double positive predicts distant metastasis and poor survival in T3–4 oral squamous cell carcinoma

Variable

p

HR

95% CI

LN+*

     PNI/LVI double positive (double vs. not double)

< 0.001

9.44

3.12–28.59

     pT classification (T4 vs. T3)

0.993

1.01

0.35–2.89

     Tumor thickness (> 14 mm vs. ≤ 14 mm)

0.204

1.87

0.71–4.94

     Differentiation (moderate to poor vs. well)

0.004

5.71

1.75–18.59

DM*

     PNI/LVI double positive (double vs. not double)

0.017

4.48

1.32–15.28

     pT classification (T4 vs. T3)

0.618

1.45

0.34–6.30

     Tumor thickness (> 14 mm vs. ≤ 14 mm)

0.015

14.07

1.67–118.76

     Differentiation (moderate to poor vs. well)

0.259

2.37

0.53–10.54

     Resection margin (positive vs. non-positive)

0.086

3.37

0.84–13.46

DSS**

     PNI/LVI double positive (double vs. not double)

< 0.001

4.44

1.92–10.26

     pT classification (T4 vs. T3)

0.320

1.66

0.61–4.47

     Tumor thickness (> 14 mm vs. ≤ 14 mm)

0.094

2.33

0.87–6.27

     Differentiation (moderate to poor vs. well)

0.092

2.37

0.87–6.46

     Resection margin (positive vs. non-positive)

0.068

2.22

0.94–5.25

  1. OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma, PNI perineural invasion, LVI lymphovascular invasion, LN+ neck metastasis, DM distant metastasis, DSS disease-specific survival.
  2. *Binary logistic regression.
  3. **Cox proportional hazards model.
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