Table 2 Cox regression analyses based on expression of biomarkers as continuous variables and clinical and pathological factors for the recurrence of leukoplakia.

From: Expression of p53, p63, podoplanin and Ki-67 in recurring versus non-recurring oral leukoplakia

 

Uni-variable analysis

Multi-variable analysis

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Clinical diagnosis

Homogeneous

1.00

 

1.00

 

Non-homogeneous

2.37 (1.19–4.73)

0.015

2.06 (1.03–4.13)

0.042

Size

< 200 mm2

1.00

   

≥ 200 mm2

1.76 (0.88–3.53)

0.11

  

Dysplasia

No

1.00

   

Yes

1.64 (0.74–3.64)

0.22

  

Number of lesions

Single

1.00

   

Multiple

1.64 (0.79–3.38)

0.18

  

Smoker

Yes

0.80 (0.31–2.07)

0.64

  

No

1.00

   

Snuff use

Yes

3.64 (1.47–9.02)

0.005

3.72 (1.47–9.42)

0.006

No

1.00

 

1.00

 

Ki-67 expression

1.04 (1.00–1.09)

0.085

  

p53 expression

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.17

  

p63 expression

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.047

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.035

PDPN expression

1.01 (0.99 -1.03)

0.25

  
  1. Univariable cox analysis showed p63 expression, use of snuff and clinical diagnosis to be significantly associated with 5-year recurrence (p < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that p63 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the recurrence in leukoplakia patients. HR 1.02 for the p63 expression demonstrated an increased risk of recurrence with 2% (CI 0–4%) for each percentage increase in p63 expression (p < 0.05).
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