Figure 1

Experimental polarimetry set up and system calibration for exact backscattering configuration. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental polarimetry system for measurements in exact backscattering configuration, comprised of an excitation laser (λ = 633 nm), a polarization state generator unit (PSG: rotating linear polarizer P1 and quarter wave plate Q1), a polarization state analyzer unit (PSA: rotating quarter wave plate Q2 and linear polarizer P2), beam splitter (BS), collection lenses and a photodetector. Actual experimental form of the (b) PSG matrix W and (c) PSA matrix A. (d) The experimental Mueller matrix from a cuvette filled with distilled water resembles an identity matrix as expected, with individual elements exhibiting an error \(\le 0.05\).