Table 3 Glycerophospholipid general lipid metabolism gene panel RT-qPCR results. mRNA levels in the livers of 19 week old prenatally DEX-exposed offspring relative to saline control. Fold changes in gene expression were calculated by relative quantification (ΔΔCt) of RT-qPCR threshold cycles (Ct) as per Livak and Schmittgen²⁸ using mean Ct values of housekeeping genes GAPDH and Rpl32. Data is expressed as mean fold change of Dex relative to the saline group ± SEM (n = 8). Unpaired t-test: Statistical significance between groups is shown by: * p < 0.05, p < 0.01, * p < 0.001.

From: Untargeted metabolomics reveals sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism of adult rats exposed to dexamethasone in utero

Gene	Description	Sex	Fold change ± SEM
ACSL1	Acyl-CoA synthetase	Male Female	0.93 ± 0.14 1.24 ± 0.16
CRAT	Carnitine acetyl-transferase	Male Female	0.82 ± 0.13 1.17 ± 0.26
CPT1A	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1	Male Female	1.18 ± 0.36 2.54 ± 0.28 ***
CPT2	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Male Female	0.91 ± 0.14 1.44 ± 0.19 *
ACADL	Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain	Male Female	0.89 ± 0.15 1.21 ± 0.08 *
ACADM	Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Male Female	0.96 ± 0.12 1.10 ± 0.10
ECH1	Enoyl-CoA hydratase	Male Female	1.07 ± 0.14 1.66 ± 0.19 **
HADH	L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase	Male Female	0.98 ± 0.08 1.23 ± 0.12 *
ACAT1	Thiolase	Male Female	0.94 ± 0.15 1.15 ± 0.08 *
PCCA	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Male Female	0.92 ± 0.05 1.23 ± 0.12 *
PCCB	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta	Male Female	0.99 ± 0.09 1.18 ± 0.08 *
MCEE	Methylmalonyl-CoA racemase	Male Female	1.14 ± 0.12 1.26 ± 0.14 *
MMUT	Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Male Female	1.01 ± 0.10 1.30 ± 0.12 **
ECI1	Enoyl-CoA isomerase	Male Female	0.99 ± 0.27 1.21 ± 0.27
DECR1	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase	Male Female	1.00 ± 0.19 1.27 ± 0.14 *
PLA1A	Phospholipase A1	Male Female	0.97 ± 0.16 1.41 ± 0.18 *
PLA2G2A	Phospholipase A2	Male Female	1.05 ± 0.07 1.21 ± 0.16
PLCG1	Phospholipase C	Male Female	1.10 ± 0.14 1.11 ± 0.12
PLD1	Phospholipase D	Male Female	1.09 ± 0.34 1.26 ± 0.34
GDE1	Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase	Male Female	0.96 ± 0.15 1.45 ± 0.16 **
PEMT	Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Male Female	1.02 ± 0.11 0.97 ± 0.16
PPARA	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Male Female	0.87 ± 0.31 1.31 ± 0.33

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