Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the samples.

From: The risk and protective factors of heightened prenatal anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown

 

Pre-COVID sample (N = 1439)

COVID sample (N = 1419)

Test statistic

M (SD, N) or N (%)

M (SD, N) or N (%)

Age in years

31.02 (4.35, 1418)

30.77 (3.84, 976)

t(2392) = 1.42, p = .154

Education

low

90 (6.3%)

27 (2.7%)

X2 = 37.27, p < .001

medium

469 (32.6%)

254 (25.3%)

high

879 (61.1%)

724 (72%)

Annual household income*

 < €40,000

–

235 (23.5%)

 

€40,000 to €100,000

–

540 (54.4%)

 

 > €100,000

–

117 (11.7%)

 

Parity (nulliparous)

1351 (48%)

1419 (48%)

X2 = .01, p = .923

Marital status (partner)

1424 (99%)

979 (97%)

X2 = 3.84, p  =.050

Gestation in weeks

23.45 (3.04, 1439)

24.98 (9.44, 1078)

t(2515) = −5.77, p < .001

Gestation trimester

1st trimester

23 (1.6%)

162 (15%)

 

2nd trimester

1337 (92.9%)

435 (40.4%)

X2 = 725.08, p < .001

3rd trimester

79 (5.5%)

481 (44.6%)

 
  1. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, t = t-test, X2 = Chi-square, p = significance level set at < .05. Income information was not available in the pre-COVID sample. Education = low: primary education or secondary pre-vocational education, medium: secondary education or vocational education, high: Bachelor or Master’s degree or higher (i.e. PhD). *11% of respondents in the COVID sample indicated that they preferred not to answer the question on annual household income.
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