Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study sample.

Age, mean (SD, range)

52.12 (19.88, 7–91)

Sex, n female (%)

91 (55.83)

Medication use

Brain-acting use, %

52.76

% of those with diagnosis of epilepsy

77.27

% of those without diagnosis of epilepsy

36.08

Anti-epileptic use, %

36.2

Barbiturate use, %

2.45

Benzodiazepine use, %

11.04

Antipsychotic use, %

9.82

Antidepressant use, %

11.04

Past medical history (% female, mean age, age range)

Diagnosis of any brain disorder

71.78 (62.39, 51.19, 7–87)

Diagnosis of epilepsy, %

40.49 (66.67, 45.12, 7–82)

History of stroke, %

19.02 (61.29, 64.55, 32–87)

Diagnosed degenerative brain disease, %

4.91 (62.5, 66, 47–84)

Diagnosed psychiatric disorder, %

12.27 (60, 59.1, 35–83)

Diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder, %

3.68 (66.67, 42.5, 19–75)

Other brain disorder or injury, %

16.56 (40.74, 45.52, 19–79)

Indicators of comorbidity

Diagnosis of > 1 brain disorder, %

21.47

Use of > 1 brain-acting medication, %

15.34

Non-brain-acting medication use

% of study sample

47.85

Mean number of medications (SD, range)

2.26 (2.75, 0–13)