Table 2 Cox proportional hazard model univariable analysis of potential predictors of mortality following SAVR.

Risk factor	HR	P value	95% CI
Age	1.060	0.00	1.03–1.08
Euroscore II	1.160	0.00	1.05–1.28
LVSV index	0.960	0.00	0.94–0.98
LVEF	0.980	0.00	0.97–0.99
LAEF	0.970	0.00	0.95–0.98
Low flow state (< 35 ml/m²)	2.750	0.00	1.56–4.84
LA systolic volume^a	1.046	0.01	1.01–1.08
No LGE	1.00	0.012	–
Midwall enhancement	2.11	0.012	1.14–3.92
Infarction enhancement	2.53		1.26–5.06
Antiplatelet use	0.550	0.02	0.33–0.92
Creatinine	1.010	0.06	1.00–1.02
RVEF	0.980	0.09	0.96–1.00
LA volume indexed	1.060	0.10	0.9–1.13
PCI	1.710	0.10	0.91–3.23
NYHA > 2	1.640	0.12	0.88–3.04
ACE I/ ARB II blocker	0.670	0.13	0.40–1.13
LA diastolic volume^a	1.030	0.14	0.99–1.07
LVESV index	1.010	0.15	1.00–1.01
Weight	0.990	0.18	0.97–1.00
BMI	0.970	0.18	0.92–1.02
BSA	0.520	0.22	0.18–1.50
DM	1.410	0.23	0.80–2.47
LV mass index	0.990	0.25	0.99–1.00
Known CAD	1.350	0.25	0.81–2.25
Redo AVR	0.620	0.26	0.26–1.44
Hypertrophy	0.750	0.30	0.43–1.30
AF	1.310	0.35	0.74–2.34
Hypercholesterolaemia	0.780	0.37	0.44–1.35
Beta blocker	1.260	0.38	0.75–2.12
Digoxin	1.380	0.38	0.68–2.80
Known CRF	1.500	0.39	0.60–3.76
LBBB	1.340	0.44	0.63–2.83
Past MI	1.370	0.47	0.59–3.19
Past CABG	1.260	0.49	0.65–2.42
Warfarin	1.230	0.53	0.65–2.32
Aldosterone antagonist	0.820	0.59	0.40–1.67
Valve ring size	0.970	0.63	0.86–1.09
Ca²⁺ channel blocker	1.180	0.63	0.61–2.28
LVEDV index	1.000	0.69	0.99–1.01
AVA	0.900	0.82	0.38–2.14
Statin	1.040	0.87	0.62–1.75
Amiodarone	0.960	0.94	0.35–2.66
CVA	1.020	0.96	0.41–2.56
Male	1.000	0.99	0.56–1.77
Diuretic	1.000	0.99	0.55–1.79

A stepwise forward selection was used, allowing us to investigate multiple variables. From these we identified the six variables showing the strongest prediction which we included in the final model. This model showed only mild overfitting which was nonetheless adjusted for.
^aPer 10-unit increase.

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