Table 3 Psychopharmacological drug groups associated with higher incidence of OD. Each group was also adjusted for CNS diseases (CNS-D).

From: Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in geriatric patients and real-life associations with diseases and drugs

Antipsychotics

OR = 2.5 (95% CI 1.20–5.04), p = 0.014

adj. for CNS-D: OR = 1.9 (95% CI 0.88–4.31), p = 0.10

Anti-Parkinson drugs

OR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.19–6.73), p = 0.019

adj. for CNS-D: OR = 1.3 (95% CI 0.52–3.51), p = 0.54

Benzodiazepines

OR = 4.4 (95% CI 1.01–18.93), p = 0.049

adj. for CNS-D: OR = 2.0 (95% CI 0.42–9.50), p = 0.39

Antiepileptics

OR = 1.4 (95% CI 0.40–5.08), p = 0.58

adj. for CNS-D: OR = 1.7 (95% CI 0.41–7.03), p = 0.47

Antidepressants

OR = 2.1 (95% CI 0.96–4.72), p = 0.06

adj. for CNS-D: OR = 2.1 (95% CI 0.85–5.13), p = 0.11

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