Table 2 Results of landmark analysis for the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of CVD.

From: Gestational diabetes mellitus and the role of intercurrent type 2 diabetes on long-term risk of cardiovascular events

Outcomes

No GDM (N = 1,341,102)

GDM (N = 159,066)

Age adjusted

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Multivariable

HR (95% CI)b

P-value

No. of events†

Person-years

Incidence ratea

No. of events†

Person-years

Incidence ratea

Total CVD

11,705

17,199,273

68.06

1517

1,975,840

76.78

1.15 (1.09–1.22)

< 0.0001

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

0.008

Myocardial infarction

693

17,233,934

4.02

92

1,980,253

4.65

1.20 (0.96–1.49)

0.107

1.12 (0.90–1.40)

0.314

Coronary revascularization

246

17,235,559

1.43

52

1,980,345

2.63

1.80 (1.34–2.44)

0.001

1.58 (1.16–2.14)

0.004

Heart failure

2367

17,230,905

13.74

338

1,979,655

17.07

1.32 (1.18–1.48)

< 0.0001

1.20 (1.07–1.35)

0.002

Cerebrovascular disease

8890

17,206,520

51.67

1125

1,976,892

56.91

1.11 (1.05–1.19)

0.001

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

0.184

  1. CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. †Note that the number of events in CVD subtypes does not add up to the total CVD cases as the subtypes are not mutually exclusive.
  3. aIncidence rate per 100,000 person-years.
  4. bAdjusted for age, parity, household income, history of preeclampsia or hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, and dyslipidemia.
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