Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analyses for variables associated with aortic valve calcification in the study population (n = 513).

From: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiac valve calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease

 

Univariate

Multivariable

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Age (1 year)

1.08 (1.05–1.10)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.00–1.08)

0.016

Sex, male

1.01 (0.65–1.57)

0.956

1.09 (0.58–2.03)

0.796

Current smoking

1.36 (0.78–2.37)

0.281

  

Diabetes

2.18 (1.38–3.46)

0.001

2.07 (1.06–4.03)

0.033

Cardiovascular disease

Coronary heart diseasea

3.47 (2.16–5.59)

 < 0.001

2.71 (1.18–6.24)

0.019

Cerebrovascular diseaseb

1.91 (1.02–3.58)

0.045

1.19 (0.41–3.44)

0.755

Peripheral vascular disease

1.55 (0.73–3.31)

0.258

1.91 (0.62–5.89)

0.263

Medication

ACEI or ARB

1.51 (0.87–2.64)

0.147

  

Calcium channel blockers

1.10 (0.70–1.73)

0.682

  

Beta-blockers

1.32 (0.85–2.07)

0.217

  

Diuretics (thiazide)

0.66 (0.40–1.10)

0.112

  

Diuretics (loop)

1.12 (0.77–1.86)

0.423

  

Anti-platelet agents

1.37 (0.86–2.17)

0.183

  

Statins

1.33 (0.85–2.08)

0.218

  

Body mass index (1 kg/m2)

1.07 (0.98–1.17)

0.152

  

Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.63 (1.41–1.89)

 < 0.001

1.29 (1.03–1.62)

0.030

Diastolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.46 (1.24–1.72)

 < 0.001

1.03 (0.78–1.36)

0.818

eGFR (1 ml/min/1.73 m2)

0.93 (0.91–0.95)

 < 0.001

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.722

Urinary albumin (100 mg/g Cr)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

0.003

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.532

Albumin (1 ng/dl)

0.55 (0.31–0.96)

0.034

2.02 (0.75–5.45)

0.165

Uric acid (1 mg/dl)

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

0.125

  

Ca × P product (1 mg2/dl2)

1.13 (1.10–1.16)

 < 0.001

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.011

Total cholesterol (1 mg/dl)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.513

  

Hemoglobin (1 g/dl)

0.75 (0.66–0.85)

 < 0.001

1.12 (0.91–1.37)

0.290

CRP (1 mg/dl)

1.85 (1.45–2.36)

 < 0.001

1.33 (0.92–1.91)

0.125

Intact PTH (10 pg/ml)

1.21 (1.16–1.26)

 < 0.001

1.14 (1.04–1.24)

0.004

1,25(OH)2D (1 pg/dl)

0.84 (0.81–0.88)

 < 0.001

0.87 (0.82–0.91)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). aCoronary heart disease is defined as a history of coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. bCerebrovascular disease is defined as a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
  2. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, Ca × P product, calcium × phosphorus product, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PTH parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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