Table 3 Univariate and multivariable analyses for variables associated with mitral valve calcification in the study population (n = 513).

From: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiac valve calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease

 

Univariate

Multivariable

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Age (1 year)

1.09 (1.06–1.12)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.00–1.07)

0.030

Sex, male

0.91 (0.57–1.47)

0.712

0.86 (0.48–1.57)

0.632

Current smoking

0.97 (0.50–1.82)

0.891

  

Diabetes

2.58 (1.55–4.31)

 < 0.001

2.28 (1.19–4.36)

0.013

Cardiovascular disease

Coronary heart diseasea

3.34 (2.01–5.53)

 < 0.001

2.77 (1.27–6.05)

0.011

Cerebrovascular diseaseb

2.55 (1.35–4.84)

0.004

2.06 (0.78–5.44)

0.146

Peripheral vascular disease

1.74 (0.79–3.82)

0.170

  

Medication

ACEI or ARB

1.11 (0.63–1.96)

0.720

  

Calcium channel blockers

1.19 (0.72–1.94)

0.498

  

Beta-blockers

1.46 (0.90–2.35)

0.123

  

Diuretics (thiazide)

0.68 (0.39–1.19)

0.174

  

Diuretics (loop)

1.29 (0.80–2.07)

0.298

  

Anti-platelet agents

1.07 (0.65–1.79)

0.783

  

Statins

1.18 (0.72–1.92)

0.513

  

Body mass index (1 kg/m2)

1.00 (0.91–1.10)

0.973

  

Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.43 (1.24–1.65)

 < 0.001

1.09 (0.88–1.36)

0.431

Diastolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.32 (1.11–1.57)

0.002

0.94 (0.73–1.22)

0.651

eGFR (1 ml/min/1.73 m2)

0.93 (0.91–0.95)

 < 0.001

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.661

Urinary albumin (100 mg/g Cr)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

0.001

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.666

Albumin (1 ng/dl)

0.45 (0.25–0.81)

0.008

1.36 (0.54–3.34)

0.510

Uric acid (1 mg/dl)

1.06 (0.98–1.16)

0.168

  

Ca × P product (1 mg2/dl2)

1.12 (1.09–1.15)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.01–1.08)

0.025

Total cholesterol (1 mg/dl)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.818

  

Hemoglobin (1 g/dl)

0.68 (0.59–0.79)

 < 0.001

0.91 (0.75–1.10)

0.319

CRP (1 mg/dl)

1.46 (1.15–1.85)

0.002

0.95 (0.67–1.36)

0.790

Intact PTH (10 pg/ml)

1.19 (1.14–1.24)

 < 0.001

1.09 (1.01–1.18)

0.024

1,25(OH)2D (1 pg/dl)

0.89 (0.86–0.92)

 < 0.001

0.92 (0.88–0.97)

0.001

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). aCoronary heart disease is defined as a history of coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. bCerebrovascular disease is defined as a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
  2. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, Ca × P product, calcium × phosphorus product, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PTH parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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