Table 4 Univariate and multivariable analyses for variables associated with at least one valve calcification in the study population (n = 513).

From: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiac valve calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease

 

Univariable

Multivariable

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Age (1 year)

1.08 (1.06–1.11)

 < 0.001

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

0.002

Sex, male

0.88 (0.59–1.31)

0.525

0.77 (0.42–1.39)

0.385

Current smoking

1.07 (0.63–1.83)

0.792

  

Diabetes

2.24 (1.47–3.40)

 < 0.001

2.25 (1.21–4.20)

0.011

Cardiovascular disease

Coronary heart diseasea

3.12 (1.99–4.88)

 < 0.001

2.91 (1.29–6.54)

0.010

Cerebrovascular diseaseb

2.12 (1.18–3.82)

0.012

1.85 (0.69–4.97)

0.225

Peripheral vascular disease

1.87 (0.94–3.73)

0.077

2.86 (1.02–7.99)

0.045

Medication

ACEI or ARB

1.37 (0.84–2.25)

0.212

  

Calcium channel blockers

1.03 (0.69–1.56)

0.873

  

Beta-blockers

1.23 (0.82–1.85)

0.320

  

Diuretics (thiazide)

0.66 (0.42–1.05)

0.079

  

Diuretics (loop)

1.38 (0.92–2.06)

0.120

  

Anti-platelet agents

1.21 (0.79–1.85)

0.390

  

Statins

1.34 (0.89–2.02)

0.168

  

Body mass index (1 kg/m2)

1.05 (0.96–1.13)

0.288

  

Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.53 (1.34–1.75)

 < 0.001

1.12 (0.91–1.38)

0.294

Diastolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)

1.47 (1.26–1.71)

 < 0.001

1.17 (0.90–1.54)

0.242

eGFR (1 ml/min/1.73 m2)

0.93 (0.91–0.95)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

0.328

Urinary albumin (100 mg/g Cr)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

0.002

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.495

Albumin (1 ng/dl)

0.52 (0.31–0.87)

0.012

1.97 (0.72–5.39)

0.189

Uric acid (1 mg/dl)

1.04 (0.96–1.11)

0.346

  

Ca × P product (1 mg2/dl2)

1.15 (1.11–1.18)

 < 0.001

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (1 mg/dl)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.694

  

Hemoglobin (1 g/dl)

0.72 (0.64–0.82)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.85–1.24)

0.814

CRP (1 mg/dl)

1.80 (1.42–2.28)

 < 0.001

1.27 (0.89–1.80)

0.184

Intact PTH (10 pg/ml)

1.22 (1.17–1.27)

 < 0.001

1.18 (1.08–1.28)

 < 0.001

1,25(OH)2D (1 pg/dl)

0.86 (0.84–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.88 (0.84–0.92)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). aCoronary heart disease is defined as a history of coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. bCerebrovascular disease is defined as a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
  2. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, Ca × P product, calcium × phosphorus product, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PTH parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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