Table 1 Effect of white clover population, experimental year, mixture type and study site on complementarity effect (CE), selection effect (SE) and net biodiversity effect (NE) using (a) unfertilized (N0) and (b) fertilized (N1) non-leguminous reference stands.

From: The choice of the white clover population alters overyielding of mixtures with perennial ryegrass and chicory and underlying processes

Effect

(a) N0

(b) N1

CE

SE

NE

CE

SE

NE

F

P

F

P

F

P

F

P

F

P

F

P

Population

4.7

 < 0.001

4.4

 < 0.001

–

–

2.7

0.012

–

–

–

–

Year

270.4

 < 0.001

161.7

 < 0.001

139.1

 < 0.001

452.0

 < 0.001

120.0

 < 0.001

487.0

 < 0.001

Mixtype

128.2

 < 0.001

147.3

 < 0.001

31.0

 < 0.001

3.9

0.023

60.3

 < 0.001

31.0

 < 0.001

Site

0.0

0.833

24.4

0.003

2.6

0.159

0.0

0.935

18.9

0.005

2.1

0.195

Year × Mixtype

47.4

 < 0.001

45.8

 < 0.001

22.1

 < 0.001

34.4

 < 0.001

49.3

 < 0.001

45.0

 < 0.001

Year × Site

28.8

 < 0.001

26.3

 < 0.001

49.7

 < 0.001

30.0

 < 0.001

21.0

 < 0.001

40.2

 < 0.001

Mixtype × Site

5.2

0.006

9.6

 < 0.001

7.3

 < 0.001

1.9

0.160

16.1

 < 0.001

5.4

0.005

Year × Mixtype × Site

3.6

 < 0.001

9.8

 < 0.001

11.4

 < 0.001

5.7

 < 0.001

3.3

0.001

7.9

 < 0.001

  1. F- and P-values of sequential Wald chi-square tests are given. – Effect not retained in the minimum adequate model.
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