Table 7 Comparison with previously published machine learning-based GDM prediction models.

Model 1

Overweight & obese

5

Fasting blood test (fasting glucose, insulin, white cell count)

0.768

0.733

0.792

0.485

Model 2

Overweight& obese

5

Routine blood test (white cell count)

0.6

0.6

0.659

0.208

Model 3

Overweight & obese

4

No

0.674

0.533

0.656

0.199

Qiu et al.¹⁷

General

49

Fasting blood test (fasting plasma glucose, complete blood count, liver function test...)

0.998

0.622

0.847

–

Zheng et al.¹⁸

General

4

Fasting blood test (fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides)

0.75

0.66

0.766

–

Ye et al.¹⁹

General

17

Fasting blood test (fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides...)

0.99

0.15

0.74

–

0.26

0.90

Artzi et al.²⁰

General

2,355

Laboratory tests including fasting blood test (glucose, white cell count...), blood pressure measurement, urine test, and blood test in previous pregnancy (glucose tolerance test...).

–

–

0.854

0.318

9

Blood test in previous pregnancy (HbA1c% test, glucose challenge test/oral glucose tolerance test)

–

–

0.799

0.241

Xiong et al.²¹

General

43

Routine blood test, hepatic and renal function examination, coagulation function examination

0.995

0.883

0.942

–

Yan et al.²²

General

61

Blood test (complete blood test, liver function test...), urine test (urine glucose, urinary gallbladder, nitrite...)

–

0.706

0.779

–

Hou et al.²³

General

83

Single nucleotide polymorphism genes, blood test (cholesterol, white blood cell...)

–

–

0.852

–

Wu et al.²⁴

General

73

Fasting blood test (fasting plasma glucose, complete blood count, liver function test)

0.82

0.63

0.80

–

7

Fasting blood test (fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides)

0.82

0.59

0.77

–

Wu et al.²⁵

General

15

Blood test (complete blood count, liver function test, ferritin...)

0.269

0.91

0.746

–

0.524

0.75

0.777

0.487