Figure 1
The high repetition rate, ultra-high instantaneous dose rate, laser-driven proton beamline. (a) Schematic depiction of the laser-driven proton beamline at the BELLA PW laser. (b) 2D spatial distribution of the proton beam measured with the scintillator screen at the location of the cell sample, with four different discharge currents applied to the active plasma lens. All cell irradiations were carried out at 90 A. (c) Proton spectra applied to the cell samples derived from beam transport simulations. The mean proton energy is 2.4 MeV. Shaded areas represent the standard deviation from shot-to-shot fluctuations. (d) Online ion beam charge measurement (orange markers) by the integrating current transformer (ICT) of 30 consecutive shots at 0.2 Hz. The dashed orange line represents the average charge and the blue curve the averaged ICT voltage signal. Shaded regions correspond to the standard deviation.
