Figure 2

Cell irradiation assembly. (a) Stainless steel cartridge containing a 10 mm circular window. Dimensions are provided in mm. (b,c) Exploded view drawings of cell culture assembly viewed from right (b) and left (c). Mylar film is depicted in translucent blue. The entire assembly is closed using 12 screws. (d) Linear stage holding up to seven cell culture assemblies at − 135° to ensure cell culture media covering the cells. The proton beam is shown using a translucent blue line and the black arrow indicates the direction of propagation of the beam. Each assembly rides up a ramp, lifting the assembly to the upright position allowing cell culture media to drain into the cavity clearing the path for the proton beam to pass through the window.