Table 2 Mean z-score change for height and weight in children with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (linear mixed models) (n = 1536).

(a) Z-score height-for-age from 6 months to 15 years of age

Main effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 0.953

− 1.145 to − 0.761

< 0.001

GMFCS I–II

− 0.923

− 1.105 to − 0.741

< 0.001

GMFCS III–V

− 1.083

− 1.349 to − 0.905

< 0.001

Dysphagia

− 0.547

− 0.786 to − 0.310

< 0.001

Prematurity

− 0.033

− 0.200 to 0.134

0.70

Interaction effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 1.360

− 2.183 to − 0.537

0.001

Bilateral CP + GMFCS III–V

− 0.943

− 1.129 to − 0.756

< 0.001

Bilateral CP + dysphagia

− 0.545

− 0.785 to − 0.305

< 0.001

(b) Z-score weight-for-age from 6 months to 15 years of age

Main effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 0.999

-− .176 to − 0.807

< 0.001

GMFCS I–II

− 0.571

− 0.745 to − 0.397

< 0.001

GMFCS III–V

− 1.751

− 2.581 to − 1.157

< 0.001

Dysphagia

− 0.635

− 0.864 to − 0.407

< 0.001

Prematurity

− 0.029

− 0.190 to 0.130

0.72

Interaction effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 0.904

− 1.697 to − 0.110

0.026

Bilateral CP + GMFCS III–V

− 1.449

− 10.526 to − .677

0.048

Bilateral CP + dysphagia

− 0.629

− 1.189 to − 0.068

0.028

(c) Z-score Body Mass Index-for-age from 6 months to 15 years of age

Main effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 0.437

− 0.799 to − 0.075

0.002

GMFCS I–II

0.364

0.018 to 0.709

0.040

GMFCS III–V

− 0.364

− 0.709 to − -0.018

0.040

Dysphagia

− 0.902

− 1.340 to − 0.465

< 0.001

Prematurity

− 0.121

− 0.412 to 0.171

0.417

Interaction effect model

Unilateral CP

Ref.

Bilateral CP

− 0.482

− 0.835 to − 0.130

0.007

Bilateral CP + GMFCS III–V

− 0.375

− 0.724 to − 0.026

0.036

Bilateral CP + dysphagia

− 0.854

− 1.295 to − 0.414

< 0.001