Table 3 Comparisons of mental and physical outcome measures between profiles for both pregnant and postpartum women.

From: Behavioral coping phenotypes and associated psychosocial outcomes of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ā 

Active-coping

High-coping

Passive-coping

Low-coping

Omnibus χ2 test

M (SE)

M (SE)

M (SE)

M (SE)

Pregnant women

BSI anxiety

.56 (.04)a

.70 (.05)b

.85 (.03)b

.50 (.02)a

χ2(3) = 101.6, p < .001

BSI depression

.60 (.04)a

.81 (.05)b

1.05 (.04)b

.64 (.04)a

χ2(3) = 133.8, p < .001

BSI global

.52 (.03)a

.72 (.04)b

.83 (.03)c

.55 (.02)a

χ2(3) = 103.7, p < .001

Change in energy

2.56 (.05)a

2.33 (.05)b

2.16 (.03)c

2.39 (.02)b

χ2(3) = 70.97, p < .001

Change in sleep

2.79 (.05)a

2.68 (.06)a,b

2.34 (.03)c

2.59 (.02)b

χ2(3) = 61.53, p < .001

Change in stress

2.29 (.05)a

2.06 (.05)b

1.96 (.05)b

2.20 (.02)a

χ2(3) = 82.32, p < .001

COVID-related distress

4.21 (.11)a

4.49 (.08)b

4.63 (.05)b

4.00 (.05)a

χ2(3) = 90.03, p < .001

Postpartum women

BSI anxiety

.60 (.06)a,b

.79 (.08)b

.76 (.03)b

.56 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 28.38, p < .001

BSI depression

.59 (.06)a

.74 (.06)a

.98 (.04)b

.67 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 53.54, p < .001

BSI global

.50 (.04)a

.70 (.07)b

.74 (.03)b

.54 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 41.05, p < .001

Change in energy

2.62 (.06)a

2.44 (.07)a,b

2.32 (.03)b

2.45 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 21.73, p < .001

Change in sleep

2.69 (.05)a

2.66 (.07)a

2.57 (.03)a

2.63 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 5.35, p = .15

Change in stress

2.27 (.06)a

2.17 (.07)a

1.98 (.03)b

2.12 (.03)a

χ2(3) = 26.50, p < .001

COVID-related distress

4.24 (.13)a

4.47 (.14)a,b

4.68 (.06)b

4.25 (.07)a

χ2(3) = 26.27, p < .001

  1. Superscripts indicate which groups differ based on significant (a < .05) Wald tests, with Holm-Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons.