Figure 5

Schematic diagram of the signalling pathways involved in bupivacaine induced GlyT1 reduction in spinal astrocytes. Bupivacaine activated AMPK, and increased the expression of the downstream molecule BDNF to inhibit GlyT1 expression.
Schematic diagram of the signalling pathways involved in bupivacaine induced GlyT1 reduction in spinal astrocytes. Bupivacaine activated AMPK, and increased the expression of the downstream molecule BDNF to inhibit GlyT1 expression.