Table 1 Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of studied subjects.

From: Responses to incremental exercise and the impact of the coexistence of HF and COPD on exercise capacity: a follow-up study

Variables

HF

n = 46

COPD

n = 53

HF + COPD

n = 25

p

Age, years

60 ± 8

65 ± 7*

68 ± 7*

 < 0.000

Gender, M/F (n)

32/14

37/16

25/0

0.007

Height, m

1.66 ± 0.93

1.66 ± 0.26

1.75 ± 0.1*#

 < 0.000

Weight, kg

80 ± 16

69 ± 15*

71 ± 14

0.003

BMI, kg/m2

29 ± 6

25 ± 4*

25 ± 4*

0.002

Lean mass, %

50 ± 10

42 ± 8*

48 ± 9

0.02

Fat-free mass, %

53 ± 10

45 ± 8*

51 ± 10

0.01

Body fat, %

26 ± 9

20 ± 9

19 ± 8

0.06

Protein, %

10.4 ± 2

8 ± 1*

10.1 ± 2

0.02

Minerals, %

3.6 ± 0.7

2.9 ± 0.5*

3.4 ± 0.7

0.005

Cardiac function

Ejection fraction, %

40 ± 7

70 ± 8*

38 ± 8#

 < 0.000

Mild/moderate/severe LV dysfunction (n)

26/17/3

–

10/11/4

 < 0.000

Indexed LA volume, mL/m2

39 ± 18

36 ± 13

44 ± 11

0.21

Mitral E wave, cm/s

76 ± 24

63 ± 14*

68 ± 25

0.03

Mitral e’ wave, cm/s

7 ± 2

9 ± 2

7 ± 5

0.30

E/e’ ratio, cm/s

11 ± 7

8 ± 3

10 ± 6

0.11

RVD, mm

33 (30–44)

32 (25–37)

33 (31–41)

0.14

Pulmonary function

FEV1, L/s

2.55 ± 0.7

1.38 ± 0.9

2.00 ± 0.6

0.49

FEV1, % predicted

84 ± 20

54 ± 21*

65 ± 25*

 < 0.000

FVC, L/s

3.31 ± 0.9

2.80 ± 2

3.40 ± 0.8

0.65

FVC, % predicted

89 ± 16

79 ± 25

87 ± 22

0.05

FEV1/FVC, L/s

0.78 ± 0.7

0.52 ± 0.1*

0.59 ± 0.1*

0.03

RV, L

2.6 ± 1.1

3.9 ± 1.7*

3.3 ± 1.0

0.004

RV, % predicted

127 ± 49

203 ± 93*

143 ± 44

 < 0.000

TLC, L

5.2 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.7

5.9 ± 1.3

0.19

TLC, % predicted

88 ± 24

112 ± 36*

99 ± 30

0.01

RV/TLC

0.48 ± 0.12

0.65 ± 0.15*

0.55 ± 0.11

 < 0.000

IC, L

1.9 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.5

0.08

IC, % predicted

75 ± 32

70 ± 25

51 ± 19

0.07

DLCO, mL/ mim/mmHg

20 ± 5

13 ± 5*

17 ± 6

0.001

DLCO, % predicted

82 ± 13

61 ± 23*

72 ± 20

0.002

GOLD stage, I/II/III/IV

–

7/28/14/4

9/11/5/0

 < 0.000

Pack/years

40 ± 33

83 ± 77*

59 ± 30

0.005

Functional classification

NYHA, I/II/II/IV

20/20/6/0

–

8/11/6/0

0.70

mMRC, 0/I/II/III/IV

–

10/24/11/4/4

4/12/5/1/3

0.92

Comorbities

Hypertension, n (%)

33

31

22*#

0.01

DM, n (%)

15#

2

11#

 < 0.000

CI, n (%)

8

5*

5*

0.005

OSA, n (%)

4#

18

1#

0.001

Dyslipidemia, n(%)

19#

8

15#

 < 0.000

Other, n (%)

28

23

15

0.19

Comorbities per patients, n (%)

3.2 ± 1

2.0 ± 1*

3.0 ± 1

0.001

Medications

Betablockers, n

46

–

24

 < 0.000

Bronchodilator, n

1#

53

21

 < 0.000

Antihypertensive, n

38#

50

20#

 < 0.000

Diuretics, n

35

40*

24

 < 0.000

  1. Used ANOVA one way for continuous variables and used chi-square test for categorical variables.
  2. HF heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, M male, F female, BMI body mass index, LV left ventricle, LA left atrium, RVD right ventricle diameter, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, RV residual volume, TLC total lung capacity, IC inspiratory capacity, DLCO diffusion capacity carbon monoxide, NYHA New York Heart Association, mMrc modified Medical Research Council scale, DM diabetes mellitus, CI coronary insufficiency, OSA obstructive sleep apnea. Patients that peformed DLCO: 58 (HF:28, COPD:20, HF + COPD:10).
  3. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) in relation to the HF group.
  4. #Significant difference (p < 0.05) in relation to the COPD group.
Back to article page