Table 1 Comparison of the electrochemical results of cobalt oxide-based composite electrodes reported in the literature.

Co₃O₄ symmetrical electrode

Magnetron sputtering

392 F g⁻¹ at 2 mA cm⁻²

No loss after 10,000 cycles

⁴⁰

Co₃O₄/MWCNT/graphene nanotube electrode

Ultrafast microwave irradiation

600 F g⁻¹ at 0.7 A g⁻¹

5.5% loss after 5000 cycles

⁴¹

Co₃O₄/graphite electrode

Co-precipitation method

239.5 F g⁻¹ at 0.5  A g⁻¹

2.68% loss after 1000 cycles

⁴²

Co₃O₄/MWCNT carbon composite

Chemical deposition method

273 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹

22% loss after 500 cycles

⁴³

Co₃O₄/CNT nanocomposite

Molecular level mixing process by ultra-sonication

525 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹

19.5% loss after 2000 cycles

⁴⁴

Co₃O₄@N-MWCNT

Sonication supported hydrothermal synthesis

225 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹

2.2% loss after 5000 cycles

Present study