Table 3 Effect of propolis and/or bee venom on liver and kidney functions and plasma lipid peroxidation.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the role of propolis and bee venom on the oxidative stress induced by gamma rays in rats

Parameters

Control

Irradiated rats

Normal rats

γ rays

γ rays + Pr

γ rays + BV

Pr + BV + γ rays

 + Pr

 + BV

Pr + BV

6 Gy

300 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

300 + 0.05 mg/kg

300 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

300 + 0.05 mg/kg

Urea(mg/dl)

30.02 ± 0.53f

103.45 ± 11.22a

42.31 ± 5.63cd

46.08 ± 2.66bc

38.31 ± 1.23de

34.31 ± 2.34ef

32.24 ± 1.47f

51.31 ± 4.03b

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.35 ± 0.011e

1.28 ± 0.02a

0.39 ± 0.04cd

0.4 ± 0.02c

0.37 ± 0.03de

0.41 ± 0.03c

0.36 ± 0.03e

0.43 ± 0.03b

Total protein (g/dl)

4.36 ± 0.25d

3.76 ± 0.21f

4.82 ± 0.23b

4.56 ± 0.32c

5.24 ± 0.22a

4.61 ± 0.23c

5.21 ± 0.33a

4.01 ± 0.20e

Albumin (g/dl)

3.10 ± 0.14b

1.03 ± 0.02g

2.65 ± 0.21d

2.91 ± 0.25c

3.22 ± 0.16a

2.54 ± 0.08e

3.02 ± 0.20bc

1.88 ± 0.03f

Globulin(g/dl)

1.26 ± 0.11g

2.73 ± 0.15a

2.17 ± 0.02b

1.65 ± 0.07f.

2.02 ± 0.06e

2.07 ± 0.15d

2.19 ± 0.13b

2.13 ± 0.17c

ALT (U/l)

28.76 ± 3.68g

165.23 ± 12.20a

32.10 ± 2.87e

37.52 ± 4.03c

26.18 ± 1.49h

35.41 ± 2.12d

30.04 ± 0.53f

43.17 ± 5.17b

AST (U/l)

40.35 ± 2.55h

204.43 ± 14.02a

44.29 ± 4.01e

48.39 ± 3.68d

42.31 ± 3.20g

50.35 ± 4.15c

43.15 ± 2.30f

53.28 ± 4.08b

ALP (U/l)

65.24 ± 7.04h

187.67 ± 12.15a

70.08 ± 8.14e

72.62 ± 6.98d

67.14 ± 4.87g

80.13 ± 6.11c

68.61 ± 5.37f

85.11 ± 5.81b

MDA (ng/dl)

55.42 ± 4.23f

134.13 ± 10.22a

58.32 ± 4.43e

61.15 ± 4.30c

55.97 ± 4.52f

58.70 ± 4.35d

52.70 ± 3.72h

71.27 ± 6.24b

  1. Values with same superscript in the same raw are not statistically different. Data expressed as mean ± SE, n = 6. The groups are statistically significant (P < 0.05) as compared with control, using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test as a post-hoc test.