Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants.

From: Clinical implication of initial intravenous diuretic dose for acute decompensated heart failure

Variables

Below

N = 429

Standard

N = 558

Above

N = 106

P-value

Age (years)

78 (12)

78 (11)

79 (12)

0.522

Male sex (%)

246 (57.3)

303 (54.3)

56 (52.8)

0.546

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

146 (35)

158 (34)

157 (38)

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

83 (24)

88 (26)

87 (29)

0.001

Heart rate (bpm)

96 (26)

102 (30)

95 (26)

0.003

Symptom onset time

   

0.426

 ≤ 6 h

98 (22.8)

147 (26.3)

26 (24.5)

 

 6 h–2 days

87 (20.3)

123 (22.0)

27 (25.5)

 

 > 2 days

244 (56.9)

288 (51.6)

53 (50.0)

 

ECG rhythm (%)

   

0.021

 Sinus

219 (51.2)

316 (56.6)

70 (66.7)

 

 AF

173 (40.4)

189 (33.9)

31 (29.5)

 

 Others

36 (8.4)

53 (9.5)

4 (3.8)

 

LVEF at ED (%)

   

0.294

 < 35%

158 (39.8)

171 (33.5)

31 (32.0)

 

 35–50%

113 (28.5)

166 (32.5)

34 (35.1)

 

 > 50%

126 (31.7)

173 (33.9)

32 (33.0)

 

Physical examination (%)

 JVD

249 (59.3)

353 (64.3)

74 (71.2)

0.054

 Orthopnoea

260 (60.9)

384 (68.9)

76 (71.7)

0.013

 Rale

298 (69.8)

398 (71.3)

81 (76.4)

0.401

 Peripheral oedema

308 (71.8)

398 (71.5)

84 (79.2)

0.246

 Pulmonary oedema

317 (73.9)

445 (79.7)

87 (82.1)

0.047

Comorbidities (%)

 History of Heart Failure

269 (62.7)

222 (39.8)

60 (56.6)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

286 (66.7)

388 (69.5)

71 (67.0)

0.608

 Diabetes mellitus

161 (37.5)

193 (34.6)

45 (42.5)

0.260

 COPD

41 (9.6)

60 (10.8)

8 (7.5)

0.561

 Coronary artery disease

144 (33.6)

162 (29.0)

33 (31.1)

0.312

Medication at admission (%)

 Loop diuretics

288 (67.1)

183 (32.8)

65 (61.3)

 < 0.001

 Loop diuretics dose among takers (mg)

40 [40–60]

20 [20–20]

10 [10–20]

 < 0.001

 ACE-I

79 (18.4)

81 (14.5)

22 (20.8)

0.130

 ARB

143 (33.3)

169 (30.3)

32 (30.2)

0.567

 Beta blocker

216 (50.9)

195 (35.0)

38 (35.8)

 < 0.001

 Aldosterone blocker

117 (27.3)

80 (14.3)

20 (18.9)

 < 0.001

Laboratory data at admission

 White blood cell (/µL)

7200 [5500–9900]

8000 [6000–10,400]

8100 [5925–10,675]

0.008

 Albumin (g/dL)

3.47 (0.57)

3.46 (0.52)

3.42 (0.49)

0.716

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

11.6 (2.26)

12.0 (2.34)

11.7 (2.08)

0.007

 AST (IU/L)

33 [22–45]

31 [23–46]

30 [24–58]

0.806

 ALT (IU/L)

21 [14–33]

22 [14–36]

21 [13–36]

0.557

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.20 [0.87–1.64]

1.02 [0.78–1.44]

1.15 [0.81–1.92]

 < 0.001

 BUN (mg/dL)

26 [19–37]

23 [17–31]

25 [19–35]

 < 0.001

 Sodium (mEq/L)

139 [137–142]

140 [137–142]

140 [137–142]

0.422

 Potassium (mEq/L)

4.21 (0.63)

4.28 (0.71)

4.50 (0.81)

0.001

 Glucose (mg/dL)

163 (76)

169 (76)

184 (90)

0.049

 CRP (mg/dL)

0.56 [0.20–2.01]

0.77 [0.21–2.26]

0.84 [0.32–2.57]

0.115

 BNP (pg/mL)

757 [439–1510]

707 [437–1254]

827 [409–1572]

0.373

 Total furosemide used within six hours (mg)

20 [10–30]

20 [20–37]

40 [23–50]

 < 0.001

 Urine output within 6 h (mL)

755 [465–1168]

900 [580–1440]

980 [480–1370]

 < 0.001

 Catecholamines within 6 h (%)

39 (11.9)

49 (9.5)

17 (16.8)

0.085

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range].
  2. ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, AF atrial fibrillation, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonist, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, BUN blood urea nitrogen, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP C-reactive protein, ECG electrocardiogram, ED emergency department, JVD jugular vein distention, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction.
Back to article page