Figure 7
From: Robustness of large-area suspended graphene under interaction with intense laser

(a) The snapshots from 2D Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation at \(\sim\) 20 fs from the laser peak arrival at the 8 layer LSG target for best focus. The laser electric field \(E_y\) (blue-red), electron \(n_e\) (magenta), carbon \(n_C\) (yellow), and proton number densities \(n_p\) (cyan) are overlaid. The color scales for the number densities are set to be identical. (b) Energy distribution functions calculated from all the protons (blue) and carbons C\(^{6+}\) (red) in the simulation box of (a), normalized as \(\int f dE=1\). The top and bottom axes show the proton and carbon energy, where the top axis is adjusted as 1/6 of carbon energy. The red dashed line represents the pure carbon with pre-ionization.