Table 1 The average frequencies and periods of each decomposed IMF by WAFA and their periodic meanings.

From: Nonlinear frequency analysis of COVID-19 spread in Tokyo using empirical mode decomposition

IMF

Averaged frequency \(\pm \; \mathrm{SD}\) (cycles per day)

Averaged period \(\pm \; \mathrm{SD}\) (days)

The meaning of periodic activities

1

0.221 \(\pm \;{0.064}\)

4.519 \(\pm \;{1.312}\)

Various random factors

2

0.128 \(\pm \;{0.021}\)

7.797 \(\pm \;{1.267}\)

Variations in daily PCR and antigen inspections on a weekly cycle

3

0.053 \(\pm \;{0.017}\)

18.988 \(\pm \;{6.112}\)

External influences restricting COVID-19 spread

4

0.017 \(\pm \;{0.006}\)

57.171 \(\pm \;{19.261}\)

COVID-19 outbreak and retreat in Tokyo