Table 2 PG maximum (Max) and 90% (F\(_{90\%}\)), 80% (F\(_{80\%}\)) and 50% (F\(_{50\%}\)) fall-off positions corresponding to the profiles of Fig. 4 compared to the real PG emission profile in the MC simulations. The values are given in mm. The values in parentheses correspond to the standard deviation of independent data sets.

From: Towards machine learning aided real-time range imaging in proton therapy

1\(<E_{s}+E_{a}<\)7 MeV

Max

F\(_{90\%}\)

F\(_{80\%}\)

F\(_{50\%}\)

Real (MC)

99.70 (5)

104.33 (1)

105.13 (1)

106.19 (1)

3\(\times \)10\(^{9}\) p

95.0 (18)

100.6 (7)

103.27 (15)

106.9 (12)

10\(^{9}\) p

95.0 (18)

100.4 (15)

102.5 (11)

107.7 (6)

3\(\times \)10\(^{8}\) p

95.0 (18)

99 (3)

101.9 (10)

107.1 (7)

10\(^{8}\) p

93.8 (4)

100 (3)

102.0 (22)

107.0 (9)

4 main PG peaks

Max.

F\(_{90\%}\)

F\(_{80\%}\)

F\(_{50\%}\)

Real (MC)

99.70 (5)

100.96 (1)

101.77 (1)

104.71 (1)

3\(\times \)10\(^{9}\) p

96.3 (12)

98.5 (13)

101.0 (6)

106.7 (9)

10\(^{9}\) p

95.0 (18)

99.1 (20)

100.9 (20)

105.2 (18)

3\(\times \)10\(^{8}\) p

95.0 (18)

98.5 (13)

100.1 (23)

103.7 (15)

10\(^{8}\) p

95.0 (18)

98 (3)

99 (4)

102 (4)