Table 1 Population characteristics.
Infant characteristics | Study group | Control group | t/χ2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender n (%) | 0.451 | 0.502 | ||
Male | 28 (50) | 31 (56) | ||
Female | 28 (50) | 24 (44) | ||
Gestational age at birth (eewk, M ± SE)1 | 29.48 ± 1.83 | 29.84 ± 2.19 | − 0.930 | 0.355 |
Birth weight (kg, M ± SE) | 1.24 ± 0.25 | 1.17 ± 0.21 | 1.611 | 0.110 |
Apgar score at 1 min (M ± SE) | 8.50 ± 2.20 | 8.49 ± 2.28 | 0.021 | 0.983 |
Apgar score at 5 min (M ± SE) | 9.69 ± 1.43 | 9.67 ± 1.32 | 0.090 | 0.928 |
Mode of delivery n (%) | 0.015 | 0.901 | ||
Vaginal delivery | 21 (37.5) | 20 (36.4) | ||
Cesarean delivery | 35 (62.5) | 35 (63.6) | ||
Twins n (%) | 2.022 | 0.155 | ||
Yes | 18 (32.1) | 27 (49.1) | ||
No | 38 (67.9) | 28 (50.9) | ||
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 9 (16.1) | 10 (18.2) | 0.087 | 0.768 |
Time of start enteral feeding with MOM2 (h, M ± SE) | 58.04 ± 33.97 | 59.78 ± 34.92 | − 0.26007 | 0.790 |
Feeding for 2wk after birth | 0.073 | 0.788 | ||
Breast milk | 20 (35.7) | 21 (38.2) | ||
Mixed | 36 (64.3) | 34 (60.7) | ||
Maternal characteristics | ||||
Age (year, M ± SE) | 30.51 ± 4.56 | 32.70 ± 8.31 | − 1.720 | 0.087 |
Gestational diabetes n (%) | 12 (21.4) | 14 (25.5) | 0.251 | 0.617 |
Gestational hypertension n (%) | 6 (10.7) | 12 (21.8) | 2.518 | 0.113 |
Placental abruption n (%) | 5 (8.9) | 3 (5.5) | 0.501 | 0.479 |
Premature rupture of membranes n (%) | 29 (51.8) | 21 (38.2) | 2.074 | 0.150 |
Antenatal steroid n (%) | 47 (83.9) | 49 (86.5) | 0.633 | 0.426 |
Antenatal magnesium sulfate n (%) | 15 (26.8) | 12 (24.3) | 0.372 | 0.542 |
