Table 3 Mixed model analysis of Total Mullen Scales of Early Learning composite scores during 10 to 40 months in individual placental pathological findings.

From: Placental pathology predicts infantile neurodevelopment

A: Individual pathological observations of the placenta

 

Model 1

Model 2

Coefficient (95% Conf. Interval)

Coefficient (95% Conf. Interval)

Accelerated villous maturationa

 − 2.46 (− 4.30 to − 0.61)

 − 2.57 (− 4.45 to − 0.69)

Decidual arteriopathy

 − 1.24 (− 2.87 to 0.39)

 − 0.37 (− 2.07 to 1.32)

Thrombosis or intramural fibrin depositionb

3.07 (1.36 to 4.79)

2.51 (0.72 to 4.31)

Avascular villib

2.68 (0.15 to 5.21)

2.50 (− 0.13 to 5.13)

Delayed villous maturationa

 − 2.62 (− 4.59 to − 0.64)

 − 2.87 (− 4.83 to − 0.91)

Maternal inflammatory response

0.97 (− 0.69 to 2.63)

0.12 (− 1.74 to 1.98)

Fetal inflammatory responseb

2.26 (0.25 to 4.28)

1.02 (− 1.31 to 3.36)

Villitis of unknown etiology

 − 1.98 (− 5.07 to 1.12)

 − 2.24 (− 5.41 to 0.93)

Deciduitis

 − 0.46 (− 3.60 to 2.67)

 − 0.89 (− 4.03 to 2.24)

B: Conceptional pathological diagnosis of the placenta

 

Model 1

Model 3

Coefficient (95% Conf. Interval)

Coefficient (95% Conf. Interval)

Maternal vascular malperfusiona

 − 2.09 (− 3.69 to − 0.50)

 − 2.12 (− 3.71 to − 0.54)

Fetal vascular malperfusionb

3.41 (1.74 to 5.07)

3.43 (1.77 to 5.09)

  1. Significance was set at a p value of 0.05 as described in the “Methods” section.
  2. A; Adjusted for ‘Accelerated villous maturation’, ‘Decidual arteriopathy’, ‘Thrombosis or Intramural fibrin deposition’, ‘Avascular villi, ‘Delayed villous maturation’, ‘Maternal inflammatory response’, ‘Fetal inflammatory response’, ‘Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE)’, and ‘Deciduitis’. B; Adjusted for ’Maternal vascular malperfusion’ or ‘Fetal vascular malperfusion’. ’Maternal vascular malperfusion’ and ‘Fetal vascular malperfusion’ were separately assessed, because diagnostic criteria of them includes some of pathological findings listed in A.
  3. The regression coefficients represent any changes associated with the presence/absence of the specific placental pathological changes, measured with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning composite score with the mean of 100 and the standard deviation of 15.
  4. Model 1; Covariates included in the analysis were maternal parity, birth weight, and infantile sex, which may be related to placental pathological findings and MSEL composite scores.
  5. Model 2; Additional covariates of all of other placental pathological findings.
  6. Model 3; Additional covariate of all of Fetal vascular malperfusion or Maternal vascular malperfusion.
  7. aSignificant predictors of the relatively delayed achievement of neurodevelopmental milestones.
  8. bSignificant predictors of the relatively faster achievement of neurodevelopmental milestones.
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