Table 2 Clinical factors according to rifaximin response and metabolic syndrome manifestations.
From: Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor response to rifaximin in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Clinical factor | Responders (n = 21) | Non responders (n = 11) | p value | Non metabolic manifestations (n = 11) | Metabolic manifestations (n = 21) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y), mean (SEM) | 60 (2) | 67 (2) | 0.012 | 57 (2) | 65 (1) | 0.003 |
Sex: male, n (%) | 18 (86) | 9 (82) | 1.000 | 11 (100) | 16 (76) | 0.138 |
Metabolic manifestations, n (%) | 11 (52) | 10 (91) | 0.029 | |||
Metabolic syndrome | 1 (5) | 5 (45) | 0.005 | –- | –- | –- |
Obesity | 2 (10) | 5 (45) | 0.035 | –- | –- | –- |
Hypertension | 4 (19) | 6 (55) | 0.030 | –- | –- | –- |
Diabetes | 8 (38) | 9 (82) | 0.001 | –- | –- | –- |
Dyslipidaemia | 4 (19) | 6 (55) | 0.030 | –- | –- | –- |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
Heart disease | 1 (5) | 1 (10) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | –- |
Lung disease | 2 (11) | 3 (33) | 0.295 | 1 (9) | 4 (19) | 0.636 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | –- | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | –- |
Age at diagnosis of cirrhosis (y), mean (SEM) | 50 (3) | 62 (6) | 0.070 | 45 (6) | 58 (3) | 0.051 |
Aetiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | ||||||
Alcohol | 12 (57) | 5 (46) | 0.529 | 8 (73) | 9 (43) | 0.108 |
Hepatitis C virus | 4 (19) | 1 (9) | 0.637 | 1 (9) | 4 (19) | 0.637 |
NAFLD | 0 (0) | 5 (46) | 0.002 | 0 (0) | 5 (24) | 0.078 |
Other^ | 5 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.138 | 2 (18) | 3 (14) | 1.000 |
Other treatments, n (%) | ||||||
Proton-pump inhibitor | 7 (33) | 6 (55) | 0.449 | 3 (27) | 10 (48) | 0.275 |
Metformin | 3 (14) | 6 (55) | 0.030 | 0 (0) | 9 (43) | 0.013 |
Benzodiazepine | 3 (14) | 2 (18) | 1.000 | 1 (9) | 4 (19) | 0.640 |
Nonselective beta-blocker | 5 (24) | 2 (18) | 1.000 | 4 (36) | 3 (14) | 0.181 |
Diuretics | 11 (52) | 6 (55) | 1.000 | 7 (63) | 10 (48) | 0.440 |
Norfloxacin | 3 (14) | 1 (9) | 1.000 | 2 (18) | 2 (10) | 0.584 |
Lactulose | 2 (10) | 2 (18) | 0.584 | 2 (18) | 2 (10) | 0.584 |
Portal hypertension, n (%) | 18 (86) | 11 (100) | 0.188 | 11 (100) | 18 (86) | 0.534 |
Child–Pugh, n (%) | 0.395 | 0.489 | ||||
A | 11 (52) | 8 (73) | 7 (64) | 12 (57) | ||
B | 9 (43) | 2 (18) | 4 (36) | 7 (33) | ||
C | 1 (5) | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | ||
MELD score, mean (SEM) | 10 (1) | 10 (1) | 0.795 | 9 (1) | 10 (1) | 0.500 |
Decompensated cirrhosis, n (%) | 14 (67) | 7 (64) | 1.000 | 8 (73) | 13 (62) | 0.703 |
Portal thrombosis, n (%) | 2 (10) | 1 (9) | 1.000 | 1 (9) | 2 (10) | 1.000 |
