Table 3 Biochemical parameters at baseline and follow-up according to metabolic syndrome manifestations.
From: Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor response to rifaximin in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Biochemical parameter | Controls (n = 30) | Patients (n = 63) | Baseline | 3-month follow-up | 6-month follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No MHE (n = 31) | MHE (n = 32) | Non metabolic manifestation (n = 11) | Metabolic manifestation (n = 21) | Non metabolic manifestation (n = 11) | Metabolic manifestation (n = 21) | Non metabolic manifestation (n = 11) | Metabolic manifestation (n = 21) | ||
Ammonia μmol/L | 9.5 (1) | 23 (4)** | 41 (7)***/α | 37 (12)* | 44 (8)***/α | 40 (10)* | 44 (7)***/α | 24 (7) | 52 (10)***/αα/β |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 109 (5) | 120 (10) | 120 (9) | 91 (6)* | 127 (8)β | 84 (4)**/αα | 142 (11)**/α/βββ | 93 (7) | 157 (13)**/α/βββ |
Nutritional parameters | |||||||||
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 223 (11) | 170 (13)** | 183 (8)** | 172 (14)** | 188 (9)* | 166 (5)*** | 183 (8)** | 178 (8)** | 186 (12)* |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 119 (12) | 143 (31) | 98 (8) | 77 (5)** | 109 (10)ββ | 68 (10)* | 125 (14)β | 76 (8)**/α | 134 (16)β |
Proteins (g/dL) | 7.2 (0.1) | 7.3 (0.2) | 7.4 (0.1) | 7.4 (0.4) | 7.5 (0.1) | 7.6 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.1) | 7.6 (0.2) | 6.7 (0.5) |
Kidney function | |||||||||
Urea (mg/dL) | 38 (3) | 37 (4) | 35 (2) | 30 (3)* | 38 (3) | 31 (5) | 40 (5) | 27 (3)* | 35 (4) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.05) | 0.8 (0.05) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.06) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 138 (0.3) | 139 (0.8) | 138 (0.8) | 137 (1.3) | 138 (1) | 140 (0.5) | 139 (1) | 138 (1.6) | 139 (1) |
Liver test | |||||||||
AST (U/L) | 25 (1) | 50 (6)*** | 40 (4)*** | 38 (4)** | 42 (5)** | 43 (5)** | 43 (5)** | 42 (6)* | 44 (6)** |
ALT (U/L) | 24 (2) | 34 (3)** | 31 (2)* | 32 (6) | 31 (2)* | 33 (4)* | 30 (2)* | 35 (6) | 29 (2) |
GGT (U/L) | 32 (7) | 109 (20)** | 80 (10)*** | 85 (14)** | 78 (14)** | 95 (21)* | 68 (10)**/α | 76 (13)** | 76 (12)** |
ALP (mU/mL) | 76 (9) | 125 (12)** | 132 (11)*** | 124 (21) | 136 (14)** | 138 (26)* | 127 (10)** | 111 (21) | 135 (16)** |
Liver function | |||||||||
Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.02) | 1.3 (0.2)** | 1.7 (0.4)** | 1.4 (0.4)* | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.1)*** | 1.9 (0.6)* | 1.1 (0.1)*** | 1.8 (0.5)* |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.6 (0.07) | 3.8 (0.1)*** | 3.7 (0.1)*** | 3.9 (0.2)** | 3.7 (0.1)*** | 4 (0.2)* | 3.6 (0.1)*** | 4 (0.2)* | 3.5 (0.2)*** |
INR | 1.0 (0.0) | 1.2 (0.1)** | 1.2 (0.0)*** | 1.2 (0.1)** | 1.2 (0.05)*** | 1.2 (0.06)* | 1.2 (0.05)*** | 1.2 (0.06)* | 1.3 (0.07) |
Blood count | |||||||||
Leucocytes (× 109/L) | 6.80 (0.7) | 5.69 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.4) | 6.2 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.5)* | 5.8 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.3)** | 6.5 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.4)*/β |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.6 (0.2) | 13.4 (0.4)* | 13.4 (0.3)** | 13.7 (0.4) | 13.3 (0.5)* | 13.9 (0.4) | 12.9 (0.6)** | 14.1 (0.5) | 13.0 (0.5)* |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 241 (15) | 116 (11)*** | 119 (11)*** | 132 (26)*** | 111 (11)*** | 109 (12)*** | 104 (12)*** | 135 (19)*** | 107 (11)*** |
