Table 2 Factors associated with incidence of cardiovascular diseasesa, including the degree of height loss.

From: Association between height loss and cardiovascular disease in the Korean elderly

 

Original cohort

PSM cohort

Cases

Participants

HRb

95% CI

P values

Cases

Participants

HRb

95% CI

P values

Height loss (%)

 < 1

17,631

109,546

Ref

  

493

5122

Ref

  

1–2

3384

20,280

1.05

1.01–1.09

0.014

511

5097

1.06

0.93–1.20

0.376

 ≥ 2

906

5126

1.11

1.04–1.19

0.002

906

5126

1.93

1.73–2.16

 < 0.001

Age, per 1-year

  

1.04

1.04–1.05

 < 0.001

  

1.04

1.03–1.05

 < 0.001

Sex

Women

11,127

72,179

Ref

  

1303

11,674

Ref

  

Men

10,794

62,773

1.19

1.15–1.23

 < 0.001

607

3671

1.59

1.41–1.79

 < 0.001

Coverage for low income

No

21,755

134,297

Ref

  

1894

15,248

Ref

  

Yes

166

655

1.72

1.47–2.00

 < 0.001

16

97

1.41

0.86–2.30

0.176

Hypertension

No

9202

63,877

Ref

  

762

7053

Ref

  

Yes

12,719

71,075

1.29

1.26–1.33

 < 0.001

1148

8292

1.32

1.19–1.45

 < 0.001

Osteoporosis

No

18,139

109,887

Ref

  

1463

11,299

Ref

  

Yes

3782

25,065

1.00

0.96–1.04

0.982

447

4046

0.95

0.85–1.07

0.396

Smoking status

Never

16,956

105,227

Ref

  

1589

13,371

Ref

  

Ex-

1803

13,006

0.89

0.84–0.93

 < 0.001

101

714

0.97

0.78–1.21

0.785

Current

3162

16,719

1.23

1.18–1.28

 < 0.001

220

1,260

1.33

1.13–1.56

 < 0.001

BMI, per 1-kg/m2

  

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.59

  

0.99

0.98–1.01

0.231

CCI, per 1-point

  

1.09

1.08–1.10

 < 0.001

  

1.14

1.12–1.17

 < 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, PSM propensity score matching.
  2. aIncluding acute myocardial infarction and any stroke.
  3. bFrom the multivariate Cox regression model.
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