Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients who received Dexmedetomidine versus who did not before and after propensity score matching.
From: Effects of dexmedetomidine on surgery for type A acute aortic dissection outcome
Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Valid N | Dexmedetomidine (n = 104) | Control (n = 407) | STD | Dexmedetomidine (n = 86) | Control (n = 158) | STD |
Demographics | |||||||
Age, year* | 511 | 56.4 ± 13.0 | 59.0 ± 13.3 | − 0.20 | 56.9 ± 12.9 | 56.3 ± 13.8 | 0.05 |
Male sex* | 511 | 70 (67.3) | 274 (67.3) | < 0.01 | 57 (66.3) | 105 (66.5) | < 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 472 | 31.1 ± 21.9 | 27.9 ± 16.5 | 0.17 | 28.3 ± 12.7 | 29.9 ± 24.7 | − 0.08 |
Previous cardiac surgery* | 511 | 1 (1.0) | 9 (2.2) | − 0.10 | 1 (1.2) | 2 (1.3) | − 0.01 |
Comorbidities | |||||||
Hypertension* | 511 | 68 (65.4) | 274 (67.3) | − 0.04 | 57 (66.3) | 106 (67.1) | − 0.02 |
Coronary artery disease* | 511 | 6 (5.8) | 37 (9.1) | − 0.13 | 5 (5.8) | 10 (6.3) | − 0.02 |
Marfan syndrome* | 511 | 4 (3.8) | 9 (2.2) | 0.10 | 4 (4.7) | 6 (3.8) | 0.04 |
Diabetes mellitus* | 511 | 6 (5.8) | 39 (9.6) | − 0.14 | 5 (5.8) | 8 (5.1) | 0.03 |
Chronic kidney disease* | 511 | 11 (10.6) | 58 (14.3) | − 0.11 | 9 (10.5) | 19 (12.0) | − 0.05 |
Liver disease* | 511 | 12 (11.5) | 48 (11.8) | − 0.01 | 11 (12.8) | 11 (7.0) | 0.20 |
Atrial fibrillation* | 511 | 5 (4.8) | 31 (7.6) | − 0.12 | 3 (3.5) | 12 (7.6) | − 0.18 |
COPD* | 511 | 5 (4.8) | 18 (4.4) | 0.02 | 4 (4.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.20 |
Old stroke* | 511 | 3 (2.9) | 17 (4.2) | − 0.07 | 3 (3.5) | 5 (3.2) | 0.02 |
Pre-operative conditions | |||||||
Tamponade or shock* | 511 | 8 (7.7) | 64 (15.7) | − 0.25 | 8 (9.3) | 13 (8.2) | 0.04 |
Pre-operative lab data* | |||||||
Creatinine, mg/dL | 494 | 1.33 ± 1.24 | 1.40 ± 1.31 | − 0.06 | 1.33 ± 1.30 | 1.32 ± 1.13 | 0.01 |
WBC, 103/uL | 508 | 14.0 ± 5.2 | 13.1 ± 4.7 | 0.19 | 14.0 ± 5.2 | 13.6 ± 4.9 | 0.07 |
Platelet, 1000/uL | 508 | 192.3 ± 81.4 | 180.1 ± 67.7 | 0.16 | 185.9 ± 52.1 | 192.1 ± 78.6 | − 0.09 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 508 | 13.5 ± 2.0 | 13.4 ± 2.0 | 0.08 | 13.5 ± 2.0 | 13.5 ± 1.8 | − 0.01 |
BUN, mg/dL | 372 | 19.6 ± 12.2 | 19.3 ± 9.5 | 0.03 | 18.8 ± 10.3 | 18.7 ± 8.8 | 0.01 |
Sodium, mg/dL | 503 | 138.1 ± 3.8 | 138.8 ± 3.3 | − 0.19 | 138.1 ± 3.7 | 138.4 ± 2.9 | − 0.09 |
Potassium, mg/dL | 503 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.07 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.09 |
Albumin, mg/dL | 136 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | − 0.10 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | − 0.05 |
Lactic acid, mg/dL | 138 | 51.6 ± 24.5 | 52.9 ± 35.8 | − 0.04 | 53.1 ± 19.3 | 50.9 ± 22.7 | 0.10 |
HbA1c, % | 163 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 0.36 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 |
AST, U/L | 316 | 40.0 [25.0, 70.0] | 38.0 [26.0, 65.0] | − 0.04 | 42.0 [26.0, 74.2] | 40.5 [26.0, 74.0] | 0.13 |
ALT, U/L | 360 | 28.0 [20.0, 49.0] | 25.0 [17.0, 40.0] | − 0.03 | 26.0 [18.0, 48.0] | 22.6 [17.0, 33.0] | 0.19 |
INR | 499 | 1.15 ± 0.16 | 1.14 ± 0.18 | 0.10 | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.14 ± 0.21 | 0.10 |
Post-operative lab data | |||||||
Platelet, 1000/uL | 508 | 145.9 ± 46.8 | 135.0 ± 43.3 | 0.24 | 145.1 ± 38.0 | 141.8 ± 46.2 | 0.08 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 508 | 10.3 ± 1.5 | 10.7 ± 1.7 | − 0.28 | 10.3 ± 1.5 | 10.7 ± 1.6 | − 0.26 |
Lactic acid, mg/dL | 269 | 56.5 ± 33.0 | 61.1 ± 40.9 | − 0.12 | 58.8 ± 33.2 | 53.2 ± 33.0 | 0.17 |
Proteinuria, mg | 155 | 30.0 [15.0, 100.0] | 30.0 [15.0, 100.0] | − 0.10 | 42.5 [30.0, 76.6] | 44.2 [30.0, 65.0] | 0.05 |
AST, U/L | 420 | 84.0 [54.0, 160.5] | 85.5 [56.0, 176.5] | − 0.18 | 88.5 [54.0, 167.0] | 74.7 [52.0, 179.4] | 0.02 |
ALT, U/L | 396 | 52.0 [32.0, 105.0] | 48.0 [25.0, 107.0] | − 0.14 | 52.9 [34.0, 125.0] | 48.0 [23.0, 130.9] | − 0.08 |
SOFA score | 244 | 10.6 ± 2.2 | 10.9 ± 2.2 | − 0.13 | 10.5 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 1.8 | − 0.21 |
Surgical data | |||||||
Bypass time, min | 385 | 241 ± 83 | 259 ± 68 | − 0.25 | 250 ± 79 | 255 ± 65 | − 0.07 |
Clamp time, min | 391 | 155 ± 56 | 162 ± 49 | − 0.13 | 159 ± 54 | 162 ± 46 | − 0.07 |
Arrest time | 261 | 37.7 ± 13.9 | 51.4 ± 25.9 | − 0.66 | 46.1 ± 17.8 | 48.1 ± 20.5 | − 0.11 |
Brain protection | |||||||
Antegrade | 511 | 77 (74.0) | 200 (49.1) | 0.53 | 59 (68.6) | 106 (67.1) | 0.03 |
Retrograde | 511 | 27 (26.0) | 207 (50.9) | − 0.53 | 27 (31.4) | 52 (32.9) | − 0.03 |
Cerebral perfusion, min | 385 | 44.3 ± 19.6 | 52.0 ± 23.2 | − 0.36 | 46.3 ± 17.9 | 48.1 ± 19.5 | − 0.10 |
Surgical extension | |||||||
Partial or total aortic arch replacement | 511 | 14 (13.5) | 135 (33.2) | − 0.48 | 14 (16.3) | 30 (19.0) | − 0.07 |
Aortic root replacement | 511 | 3 (2.9) | 15 (3.7) | − 0.04 | 3 (3.5) | 6 (3.8) | − 0.02 |
Elephant trunk | 511 | 7 (6.7) | 28 (6.9) | − 0.01 | 7 (8.1) | 13 (8.2) | < 0.01 |
Ascending aorta replacement only | 511 | 80 (76.9) | 232 (57.0) | 0.43 | 62 (72.1) | 109 (69.0) | 0.07 |
