Table 3 LS means for ruminal VFA concentrations and molar proportions as differentiated by diet along with P values for the effects of protein source, fiber source, and the interaction of protein and fiber source^a.

Item	Diet				SEM	P value^b
Item	SBM-TH	HSBM-TH	SBM-BP	HSBM-BP	SEM	Protein	Fiber	Protein × fiber
Concentration, mM
Acetate	3.05	3.09	3.65	3.63	0.17	0.99	< 0.001	0.84
Propionate	1.11	0.992	1.41	1.23	0.098	0.11	0.0053	0.76
Butyrate	0.582	0.668	0.846	0.897	0.076	0.37	0.0036	0.82
Valerate	0.0830	0.0808	0.126	0.121	0.012	0.76	0.0019	0.92
Isovalerate	0.0476	0.0499	0.0927	0.0740	0.0082	0.27	< 0.001	0.17
Isobutyrate	0.0437	0.0461	0.0516	0.0438	0.0030	0.38	0.26	0.081
Molar proportion, % mol
Acetate	63.1	62.7	60.5	61.6	1.3	0.77	0.090	0.47
Propionate	21.9	20.1	22.1	20.2	1.4	0.16	0.86	0.94
Butyrate	11.6	13.5	13.4	14.6	1.0	0.12	0.23	0.72
Valerate	1.65	1.65	1.96	1.94	0.15	0.97	0.056	0.91
Isovalerate	0.951	1.03	1.52	1.25	0.16	0.52	0.0065	0.24
Isobutyrate	0.873	0.964	0.852	0.781	0.067	0.80	0.079	0.16

^aHSBM-TH heat-treated soybean meal and timothy hay, SBM-TH soybean meal and timothy hay, HSBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp, SBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp.
^bBolded values indicate significance or a tendency.

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