Table 5 LS means for significant and trending VFA interconversions as differentiated by diet along with P values for the effects of protein source, fiber source, and the interaction of protein and fiber source^a,b.

Measurement	Diet				SEM	P value^c
Measurement	SBM-TH	HSBM-TH	SBM-BP	HSBM-BP	SEM	Protein	Fiber	Protein × fiber
Interconversion rate, mmol/mmol/h
Acetate to propionate	0.355	0.404	0.176	0.0972	0.063	0.82	0.0031	0.32
Acetate to isovalerate	0.0376	0.0245	0.0624	0.0593	0.014	0.57	0.059	0.73
Propionate to butyrate	0.222	0.478	0.224	0.151	0.11	0.31	0.088	0.084
Propionate to valerate	0.0582	0.0960	0.0323	0.0502	0.017	0.023	0.0080	0.32
Propionate to isovalerate	0.0133	0.0166	0.0341	0.0433	0.013	0.61	0.075	0.81
Butyrate to acetate	0.446	0.262	0.317	0.184	0.12	0.061	0.19	0.74
Butyrate to propionate	0.407	0.244	0.319	0.123	0.092	0.055	0.22	0.83
Valerate to acetate	0.477	0.261	0.203	0.451	0.12	0.90	0.73	0.077
Valerate to isovalerate	0.0286	0.0811	0.0494	0.132	0.037	0.096	0.34	0.68
Isobutyrate to butyrate	0.170	0.477	0.332	0.535	0.12	0.047	0.36	0.66
Interconversion flux, mmol/h
Acetate to propionate	6.26	7.28	1.91	1.62	1.8	0.84	0.015	0.72
Acetate to valerate	1.17	0.521	1.15	1.75	0.36	0.89	0.0097	0.0090
Acetate to isovalerate	0.456	0.379	1.20	1.77	0.47	0.38	0.0064	0.26
Propionate to isovalerate	0.142	0.119	0.421	0.734	0.22	0.32	0.016	0.26
Valerate to isovalerate	0.0288	0.0614	0.0777	0.219	0.040	0.030	0.014	0.14
Isobutyrate to propionate	0.0740	0.0713	0.189	0.223	0.087	0.81	0.075	0.77
Isobutyrate to butyrate	0.0920	0.403	0.211	0.495	0.14	0.035	0.40	0.91
Isobutyrate to isovalerate	0.0163	0.0232	0.0515	0.0987	0.040	0.36	0.091	0.49

^aHSBM-TH heat-treated soybean meal and timothy hay, SBM-TH soybean meal and timothy hay, HSBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp, SBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp.
^bmmol/mmol/h = fraction of carbon per hour.
^cBolded values indicate significance or a tendency.

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