Table 6 LS means for rumen epithelial gene expression (2^−ΔCt) as differentiated by diet along with P values for the effects of protein source, fiber source, and the interaction of protein and fiber source^a.

Gene	Abbreviation	Diet				SEM	P value^b
Gene	Abbreviation	SBM-TH	HSBM-TH	SBM-BP	HSBM-BP	SEM	Protein	Fiber	Protein × fiber
Beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase	BDH1	0.636	7.93	3.82	20.3	8.9	0.19	0.19	0.64
Claudin-1	CLDN1	1.47	0.871	1.10	0.902	0.32	0.60	0.21	0.51
Gap junction protein alpha 1	GJA1	0.572	0.314	0.281	0.359	0.14	0.71	0.26	0.20
Heat shock protein 70	HSP70	0.0515	0.0637	0.275	0.143	0.071	0.44	0.61	0.44
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	HMGCS2	80.2	50.1	16.0	185	64	0.44	0.45	0.11
Monocarboxylate transporter isoform 1	MCT1	1.76	1.98	1.77	1.50	0.59	0.95	0.61	0.66
Monocarboxylate transporter isoform 2	MCT2	0.00552	0.0758	0.110	0.00291	0.059	0.95	0.60	0.090
Monocarboxylate transporter isoform 4	MCT4	0.0248	0.113	0.118	0.0264	0.072	0.83	0.86	0.20
Serine-threonine protein kinase B	AKT1	0.806	3.98	4.82	15.6	6.5	0.27	0.088	0.63
Sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1	NHE1	0.0582	0.0921	0.0758	0.133	0.069	0.53	0.56	0.86
Sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 2	NHE2	1.15	1.89	1.82	4.06	0.98	0.18	0.075	0.42
Sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3	NHE3	0.870	0.627	0.821	0.823	0.18	0.11	0.35	0.46

^aHSBM-TH heat-treated soybean meal and timothy hay, SBM-TH soybean meal and timothy hay, HSBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp, SBM-BP heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp.
^bBolded values indicate significance or a tendency.

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