Table 2 The association between prehospital fluid resuscitation and outcomes in the original cohort, propensity-matched cohort, and IPTW cohort.

From: Association between prehospital fluid resuscitation with crystalloids and outcome of trauma patients in Asia by a cross-national multicenter cohort study

 

Prehospital fluid resuscitation on the ambulance

Yes (n = 4318)

No (n = 27,417)

aOR (95% CI)*

p

Outcome of the original cohort (n = 31,735)

In-hospital mortality

Yes, n (%)

124 (2.9)

147 (0.54)

2.89 (1.92–4.34)

 < 0.001

No, n (%)

4194 (97.1)

27,270 (99.46)

  

Functional outcome

Poor, n (%)

722 (16.7)

1849 (6.7)

1.92 (1.64–2.25)

 < 0.001

Favoriable, n (%)

3596 (83.3)

25,568 (93.3)

  

Prehospital fluid resuscitation on the ambulance

 

Yes (n = 3024))

No (n = 3024)

OR (95% CI)

p

Outcome of the propensity-matched cohort (n = 6048)

In-hospital mortality

Yes, n (%)

64 (2.1)

32 (1.1)

2.02 (1.32–3.10)

0.001

No, n (%)

2960 (97.9)

2992 (98.9)

  

Functional outcome

Poor, n (%)

463 (15.3)

286 (9.5)

1.73 (1.48–2.03)

 < 0.001

Favoriable, n (%)

2561 (84.7)

2738 (90.5)

  
 

Prehospital fluid resuscitation on the ambulance

 

Yes (n = 8213.2)

No (n = 30,777.7)

OR (95% CI)

p

Outcome of the IPTW cohort (n = 38,990.9)#

In-hospital mortality

Yes, %

2.5

0.6

4.26 (3.50–5.20)

 < 0.001

No, %

97.5

99.4

  

Functional outcome

Poor, %

15.2

7.1

2.33 (2.16–2.51)

 < 0.001

Favorable, %

84.8

92.9

  
  1. IPTW inverse probability of treatment weighting, CI  confidence interval, OR  odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio.
  2. *Adjusted for age, sex, country, mechanism of injury, location of injury, diagnosis of injury, injury severity score, major trauma, shock, SBP, DBP, HR, and RR on the ambulance.
  3. #The extreme weights were truncated at the 97th percentile.
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