Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of isolates from meningitis and nonmeningitis cases in adults on the association between meningitis and pbp1bA641C mutation.

From: Pneumococcal meningitis in adults in 2014–2018 after introduction of pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japan

Variables

Meningitis (n = 222)

Nonmeningitis (n = 1254)

Univariate logistic regression

Effects

Mixed-effects logistic regression**

No

%

No

%

OR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

pbp1bA641C mutation

      

Fixed

  

No

174

78.4

1152

91.9

Reference

  

Reference

 

Yes

48

21.6

102

8.1

3.12 (2.13–4.55)

 < 0.001

 

2.92 (1.51–5.65)

0.001

Patient age (years)

      

Fixed

  

15–64

98

44.1

369

29.4

Reference

  

Reference

 

 ≥ 65

124

55.9

885

70.6

0.53 (0.39–0.71)

 < 0.001

 

0.55 (0.40–0.74)

 < 0.001

Susceptibility to three β-lactam antibiotics*

      

Random

  

Serotypes

      

Random

  
  1. OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. *Penicillin G, cefotaxime, and meropenem. **Mixed-effects logistic regression model with binary outcome (meningitis vs nonmeningitis) and the indicated explanatory variables. Calculated by Stata software version 16 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA).
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