Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Salivary protein 7 of the brown planthopper functions as an effector for mediating tricin metabolism in rice plants

Figure 4

Reduced feeding on Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RH) rice varieties among three groups of brown planthoppers (the order is control, injected with dsGFP, injected with dsNlSP7). (A) Overall typical view of electrical penetration graph waveforms generated by feeding behavior of the three groups of brown planthoppers. (B,C) one-day-old brachypterous female adults in the three treatment groups. NP, nonpenetration; PP, pathway phase (N1 + N2 + N3), including penetration initiation (N1), salivation and stylet movement (N2), and extracellular activity near the phloem (N3); N4a, intracellular activity in the phloem region; N4b, phloem sap ingestion; N5, xylem phase. Duration of wavelength when each insect feeds on TN1 or RH rice. Electrical penetration graphs were recorded for 6 h per insect. Different letters indicate significant differences among the three treatment groups. Testing of each group was repeated 15 times (P < 0.01, Duncan’s multiple range test).

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