Table 1 Characteristics of all 17 studies included in systematic review.
Study | Region | Period | Design | Inclusion criteria | Timing of imaging examination | Number of pts. (DNS/no DNS) | Age | Male | HBOT | Maximum time of assessment of DNS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MRI | ||||||||||
Kim 2020 | Korea | Nov 2016–Sep 2019 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | Within 240 h of the last CO exposure | 9/40 | 43.0 (29.0–54.0) | 64 (62.1%) | 103 (100.0%) | 6 weeks |
Kokulu 2020 | Turkey | Aug 2018–Jul 2019 | Prospective Single | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | As soon as possible after presentation to the ED | 54/129 | 38.0 (28.0–53.0) | 110 (60.1%) | 116 (63.4%) | 6 weeks |
Lee 2020 | Korea | Jan 2018–Jul 2018 | Retrospective Single | COHb ≥ 3% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | At the acute poisoning phase | 12/126 | 36 (26–52) | 75 (54.3%) | 129 (93.5%) | 6 weeks |
Nah 2020 | Korea | Aug 2016–Jul 2019 | Prospective Single | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | Within 2 days of visiting the ED | 30/124 | 40.8 | 101 (65.6%) | 154 (100.0%) | 3 months |
Jeon 2018 | Korea | Apr 2011–Dec 2015 | Prospective Single | Acute COP | Within hours of visiting the ED | 101/286 | 42.0 (32.0–56.0) | 244 (63.0%) | 356 (92.0%) | 6 weeks |
Kim 2018 | Korea | Jan 2015–May 2016 | Retrospective Single | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | Within 72 h after CO exposure | 10/92 | 55.5 (36.8–69) | 59 (57.8%) | 97 (95.1%) | 2 months |
Kitamoto 2016 | Japan | Jan 2006–Dec 2012 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | Within 3 days of CO exposure | 11/69 | 45.9 ± 15.6 | 64 (80.0%) | 0 (0%) | 42 days or more |
Park 2012 | Korea | Mar 2011–Sep 2011 | Retrospective Single | COHb ≥ 3% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | Not reported | 10/61 | 34.4 ± 14.1 | 51 (71.8%) | 15 (21.1%) | Not reported |
CT | ||||||||||
Du 2019 | China | Jan 2013–Jan 2016 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | Within 24 h of admission to hospital | 27/96 | 45.2 | 50 (40.7%) | NR | 60 days |
Liao 2019 | Chinese Taipei | Jan 2009–Dec 2015 | Retrospective Single | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | At first medical institution | 48/231 | 34.2 ± 17.0 | 130 (46.6%) | 279 (100.0%) | 42 days |
Tianhong 2018 | China | 2008–2016 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP with coma history | At the time of admission to the hospital from ED | 36/148 | 46.7 ± 12.8 | 98 (53.3%) | 184(100.0%) | 90 days or more |
Kudo 2014 | Japan | 2002–2011 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | At the acute poisoning phase | 13/65 | 41.6 | 65 (82.3%) | 49 (62.0%) | |
Yang 2011 | Chinese Taipei | May 2007–Oct 2008 | Prospectively Single | COHb ≥ 10% | Within 5 days after acute COP | 5/15 | 39.6 | 15 (55.6%) | 27 (100.0%) | 35 days |
Ku 2010 | Chinese Taipei | May 2005–Apr 2006 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | Within 5 days after acute COP | 13/17 | 38.0 ± 11.1 | 26 (86.7%) | 30 (100.0%) | 6 months |
Ide 2009 | Japan | Nov 2006–Feb 2008 | Retrospective Single | Acute COP | On admission | 2/7 | 49.1 ± 8.6 | 5 (55.6%) | 9 (100.0%) | 3 months |
Brain image (do not distinguish of brain image type) | ||||||||||
Gaballah 2020 | Egypt | Jan 2018–Dec 2018 | Retrospective Single | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | At the time of admission | 10/20 | 28.8 ± 13.1 | 19 (63.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 6 months |
Lin 2018 | Chinese Taipei | Jan 1990–Dec 2011 | Retrospective Multicenter | COHb ≥ 5% (Smokers: ≥ 10%) | At the emergency department | 47/591 | 35.05 (16.27) | 311 (48.7%) | 175 (27.4%) | NA |
